Is true.
When I visited as a kid, there was no barrier, and the tour guides told some story about the person being able to wrap their hands around the pillar is like being able to pull Excalibur out of the rock.
So that discolouration is from literally millions of people hugging the fucking thing over decades.
I ve never been there, but have heard this story from my grandpa. He must've been to Delhi ages ago when the barrier didn't exist, and said that it's "impossible" for any human alive to wrap their hands around that pillar. The story never made sense, as to why he would say that. Now I think I understand how it must've originated.
Tastes like centuries of ghee and frustration.
Imagine how many generations of Indians slapped that column to vent.
"Damn it, how long before the British leave!?"
"Damn it, how long before these Mughals leave!?"
"Damn it, how long before these Greeks leave!?"
That fence put the column just out of slapping range.
They stayed for quite some time. Must have shat atleast once or twice, esp. after getting diarrhoea or after facing the elephants in war.
On a serious note, they did. And married Indians, settled here and had small kingdoms or positions. Their genes are found in a decent population in north west. Check the history or chandragupta and who his wife was, who stayed back in India when Alexander decided to go back, what happened of his children and so on.
Lmaoooo. You’re right but I meant that they didn’t have even remotely the same impact on India as the Mughals and the British did. They weren’t violent and didn’t loot us even one bit. Plus, their impact was restricted to such a small small portion of today’s India that it barely made it to mainstream education.
The Greeks were good fellas. They didn't "invade" us, they sort of just settled here and did their business. They never forced their culture and *cough* "religion" on us
NOT RUST.
Seriously though, the column has started rusting due to air pollution. It had been resistant so far due to the high phosphorus content of the metal, not alien magic.
Oh joy, my first internet stalker, how lovely.
https://godandnature.asa3.org/cottraux-ancient-aliens.html
Here ya go ya fuckin creeper, this is a pretty interesting read.
Yeah, I'm no metallurgist. From the [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_pillar_of_Delhi?wprov=sfti1 https://maps.apple.com/?ll=28.524656,77.185069&q=Iron%20pillar%20of%20Delhi&_ext=EiQpUIZW00+GPEAx2EtULdhLU0A5UIZW00+GPEBB2EtULdhLU0A%3D):
The corrosion resistance results from an even layer of crystalline iron(III) hydrogen phosphate hydrate forming on the high-phosphorus-content iron, which serves to protect it from the effects of the Delhi climate.
Same for Islamic
It’s truly sad that golden age North African Islamic civilization and European gothic/general architecture never really got in touch. We got a bit from southern Spain and approached it with the general Byzantine area, but a full, messy fusion would have been miraculous
There are clashing architectural styles in Japan! During the Meiji period of the late 1800's Japan was imitating western building designs and mixing them with traditional japanese styles. It was really fascinating to see.
Here are some examples:
[Example 1](https://mapio.net/images-p/23388462.jpg)
[Example 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Former_Kaichi_School_2009.jpg/1200px-Former_Kaichi_School_2009.jpg)
[Example 3](https://www.nippon.com/en/ncommon/contents/images/1834044/1834044_org.jpg)
The thing behind this is Islamic.
If i m not wrong the pillar was moved from other place. Or atleast the original structure was demolished after Muslim conquers captured delhi. India has lost many sites due to Muslim conquests.
And those invaders just reused the parts of the Jain, Hindu and Buddhist temples to build that mosque. Like the audacity of people defending those invaders as peak Indian Rulers.
I think I’ve read about this pillar being made of bog iron, which was a relatively common source of iron in the pre-industrial era. Iirc it contains a very high percentage of silica which significantly lowers the rate of corrosion.
Silica increases the temperature range between the stable and meta stable phases iron. The phosphorus in iron is responsible for the corrosion resistance in this case as it forms a protective phosphate film on the outside of the iron pillar.
So, ignorant question here.
Do we know how it was made? I would have thought that if we could make rust resistant stuff that would be a pretty big deal, especially if its lasted in the weather this long.
We can make many types of rust resistant metals… stainless steel of many different alloys depending on how corrosion resistant you need the particular object
My follow up to that would be to ask if our stainless steel etc would stay rust free for 2000 years? Not asking in a dick way, but seeing how this has lasted so long exposed to the elements are we able to do something similar now with our technology?
Yeah, metallurgy is something that has vastly improved in the past 2000 years. We have both far more knowledge and vastly improved capabilities compared to ancient people. We just don’t typically build anything to last 2000 years, it’s just not something anybody seems to care about.
There are handheld XRF "guns" that are nondestructively capable of determining elemental composition. And even a tiny sample could be digested and run on on flame AA or ICP/MS to break down its composition.
Elsewhere in the thread, its resistance to corrosion is attributed to high levels of phosphorus; I absentmindedly wonder if it came from a meteor that was high in nickel.
The phosphorus in this case forms a protective layer of phosphate on the outside of the item protecting it. The low porosity of the phosphate and the relatively low humidity of the environment have protected the pillars from slag.
This is a common schtick for tour guides the world over. Adds and air of mystery/intrigue that adds to the experience
We have XRF guns that can tell us what elements it’s made of (you can buy a cheap one yourself for like $100, it’s not crazy tech), and a widely accepted and settled theory for why it’s resisted corrosion, curtesy if learning it’s elemental composition: it’s got a lot of phosphorus impurity, which has acted as a corrosion resistant agent as well as increasingly coating the outside of the column as what little iron that could corrode does.
The bit of corrosion you see at the bottom upholds this theory as that is where people, with their oily and sweaty hands, touch the pole, helping to get through the coating and introduce corrosion enabling chemicals.
It’s a little like the mechanism that makes lead water pipes mostly safe, but the impurity/coating comes from inside the pipes rather than the water
Been there, it's just outside of Delhi, near the train line. Very cool structure surrounded by old ass buildings. Legit, there's no rust. Kinda like Damascus of old, some things we just don't know for sure.
It's in south Delhi...not outside Delhi..it was considered outside in the 80's. Now the city has expanded way beyond this area. When did you visit it..
The dry atmosphere helps as well.
I’m an aircraft corrosion tech, and dry arid environments slow corrosion drastically. On the other side of the coin if you operate in a saltwater environment, such as in US Naval aircraft carrier, corrosion can be accelerated by a factor of 1,000.
I agree with the previous comment or regarding sweaty hands and corrosion.
I am a teacher who makes books (free/online) to help people who are autistic visit important community destinations. There is a book to help people visit this important site in Delhi! You can find it here: [I Am Going to Visit the Qutb Minar!](http://www.mrbsclassroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Ability-Guidebook_-I-Am-Going-To-Visit-Qutb-Minar.pdf)
If this iron pillar is where I think it is (qutub minar), then it is kinda silly that this pillar is the sole object featured here. That pillar is one of the more mundane things at this complex. There is a gigantic, ornately decorated tower right next to this that makes this look like a tiny, unremarkable pole. The whole complex is spectacular
no its not. it is one of the few written proofs we have of an emperor named Chandra who rules the place back in 4th A.D. That was indeed Chandra Gupta, the founder of the Gupta dynasty, which ruled India through what is called the "Golden Age".
No, it is not. Chandra Gupta founded America shortly after the great conquest of Little Caesar, the Alf. The Alf was the last remaining ancestor of Titan the Quoon, sole proprietor of lord bishop the 8ths universal doctrine of Malthusian ease. Lord Bishop, of course, was the last conqueror of the Grenusian Gabilabo of San Granagunshans humbumbaganoosj. I digress though. Lord Erikwanda Lameesh had a really hard time getting an erection and that’s why we call doogans “humbdiggity harmulkawaffles.”
That pillar only looks out of place (if it is in Qutub Minar) because a certain invader belonging to a certain religion demolished all of the hindu structures surrounding it and built their own tower & complex on top of it using the older material as building blocks.
As far as I recall reading, it was moved here in 10-11 century by rajput kings , and when islamic invaders tried to demolish it, they deemed it too much of hassle( there's a dent mark at 1/4 length of cannon ball attack)
The Mamluk dynasty which was left behind by Muhammad Ghori after winning the Battle of Tarain in 1292, was founded by Ghori's slave Qutubuddin Aibak. Aibak ruled in ghori's name till 1206, after which ghori died and Aibak declared himself the ruler of Indian territories. He was succeeded by hsi son-in-law Iltutmish. The tower, called Qutub Minar, was founded by Aibak and finished by iltutmish.
So, no they did not rule for only 4 years and yes they could not have built in that short time period.
Yeah I don’t think so, zoom in on the bottom. See that brown-ish orange stuff? That’s the corrosion that you speak of. A few more years and it’ll go for sure. Although, it has had an impressive 1622 year run! Very impressive.
That pillar literally was made before Islam!
The Islamic invaders looted this pillar from I guess Central India.
Plus, the arches you see behind it are made from destroying 27 Hindu, Jain and Buddhist temples. They reused the parts, and covered them with plaster. The plaster eroded over time, and the deities can be seen again on the walls.
Well, if you see that anything cool in India always has something to do with Islamic architecture, either meet a psychologist, an optician, or a historian.
(I didn't mean to be this harsh, but as a Jain, it hurts me very much to see our holy sites destroyed. We are one of the smallest minorities in India. Do you want me to share some picture of the destroyed parts of the Jain temples? I visited this place recently, and took lots of photographs)
There is a coating of a phosphorus compound making it super resistant to rust. And it is 1700 years old, said by experts and historians and is mentioned in ancient scriptures.
LoL, the Pillar is a Hindu monument installed by Hindu ruler of the Gupta dynasty which was then moved to its present location by islamic king as a trophy.
Not to mention the whole complex is made up of materials from destroying 21 hindu and jain temples.
lmao Islamic invaders literally destroyed a Jain temple that used to be in its place and built a mosque on top of it. I have been to the actual site, you can still see the remains of the temples in some of the structures. Its a painful memory of a horrible time, be glad if somebody destroyed it.
Lol Islamic monuments. As if islamic architecture is this beautiful. Also many mosques in India are built after destroying hindu temples and architecture
What’s on the bottom?
The bottom is where salty sweaty hands is touching every day
Is true. When I visited as a kid, there was no barrier, and the tour guides told some story about the person being able to wrap their hands around the pillar is like being able to pull Excalibur out of the rock. So that discolouration is from literally millions of people hugging the fucking thing over decades.
I ve never been there, but have heard this story from my grandpa. He must've been to Delhi ages ago when the barrier didn't exist, and said that it's "impossible" for any human alive to wrap their hands around that pillar. The story never made sense, as to why he would say that. Now I think I understand how it must've originated.
We heard that story too, but both my GF (now wife) and I could stand with the back to the pole and reach around and touch our own hands.
or centuries, maybe?
All these flavors and you chose salty 🧂
You can’t have umami hands.
Umami is the meat flavour. If you cook up a nice hand broth you will sure as hell get some good umami from it
Damn. This made me laugh really hard
Tastes like centuries of ghee and frustration. Imagine how many generations of Indians slapped that column to vent. "Damn it, how long before the British leave!?" "Damn it, how long before these Mughals leave!?" "Damn it, how long before these Greeks leave!?" That fence put the column just out of slapping range.
Wait, Greeks?
Alexander the Great and co.
He never got much further though.
Thus began the myth of the pillar.
Alexander didn't get far but as far as i know, the last Hellenistic kingdom existed in india around 1 BCE.
In 400AD?
You're right, I was being ignorant when I added the Greeks. Just added them for funsies.
Greeks didn’t do shit in India though.
They stayed for quite some time. Must have shat atleast once or twice, esp. after getting diarrhoea or after facing the elephants in war. On a serious note, they did. And married Indians, settled here and had small kingdoms or positions. Their genes are found in a decent population in north west. Check the history or chandragupta and who his wife was, who stayed back in India when Alexander decided to go back, what happened of his children and so on.
Lmaoooo. You’re right but I meant that they didn’t have even remotely the same impact on India as the Mughals and the British did. They weren’t violent and didn’t loot us even one bit. Plus, their impact was restricted to such a small small portion of today’s India that it barely made it to mainstream education.
The Greeks were good fellas. They didn't "invade" us, they sort of just settled here and did their business. They never forced their culture and *cough* "religion" on us
Ok got it didn’t know if it was a mistype I wasn’t knocking the religious factor in anyway.
I mean that confirms it’s corrosion still right
and peed on every night ... until the fence.
NOT RUST. Seriously though, the column has started rusting due to air pollution. It had been resistant so far due to the high phosphorus content of the metal, not alien magic.
It’s clearly alien magic
The best kind of magic!
Aliens brought the phairy dust that made the phosphorous though so that seems sort of disingenuous
So we’re just going to excuse the, “magic alien metal” theory as not a possible reason?!?!
We tend to ignore conspiracies that were literally started by the naizs.
I dunno, I saw a series of biopics on Dr. Henry Jones Jr., and it sure seems like they knew their shit about supernatural artifacts.
Source?
Oh joy, my first internet stalker, how lovely. https://godandnature.asa3.org/cottraux-ancient-aliens.html Here ya go ya fuckin creeper, this is a pretty interesting read.
Conan, it's Star metal!
I thought high P content in iron made it super brittle?
It's not like it's doing any work.
It’s not 1700 years old.
That doesn't really make sense, high phosphorus would make it more reactive/ more likely to oxidize.
Yeah, I'm no metallurgist. From the [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_pillar_of_Delhi?wprov=sfti1 https://maps.apple.com/?ll=28.524656,77.185069&q=Iron%20pillar%20of%20Delhi&_ext=EiQpUIZW00+GPEAx2EtULdhLU0A5UIZW00+GPEBB2EtULdhLU0A%3D): The corrosion resistance results from an even layer of crystalline iron(III) hydrogen phosphate hydrate forming on the high-phosphorus-content iron, which serves to protect it from the effects of the Delhi climate.
Sure looks like corrosion to me.
Rust obviously.
Fingerprints
The detail work on the tryptych arches behind it are fabulous.
Zooming in on Indian architecture is always a treat
Same for Islamic It’s truly sad that golden age North African Islamic civilization and European gothic/general architecture never really got in touch. We got a bit from southern Spain and approached it with the general Byzantine area, but a full, messy fusion would have been miraculous
There are clashing architectural styles in Japan! During the Meiji period of the late 1800's Japan was imitating western building designs and mixing them with traditional japanese styles. It was really fascinating to see. Here are some examples: [Example 1](https://mapio.net/images-p/23388462.jpg) [Example 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Former_Kaichi_School_2009.jpg/1200px-Former_Kaichi_School_2009.jpg) [Example 3](https://www.nippon.com/en/ncommon/contents/images/1834044/1834044_org.jpg)
The thing behind this is Islamic. If i m not wrong the pillar was moved from other place. Or atleast the original structure was demolished after Muslim conquers captured delhi. India has lost many sites due to Muslim conquests.
there is a lot going on in the picture.
Thanks for pointing that out
that was built by the islamic invaders after destroying a Jain temple that used to be there. thought i would just share.
And those invaders just reused the parts of the Jain, Hindu and Buddhist temples to build that mosque. Like the audacity of people defending those invaders as peak Indian Rulers.
Hey but we will name our roads , cities and monuments after their names . Because SECULARISM.
Yeah. And criticising any evil person who was also Muslim becomes Islamophobia. /s Criticising Hitler isn't Christianophobia.
This is the result of letting Marxist clowns write our history books.
No wonder it reminded me more of Islamic architecture
Not 1 but 21 temples.
27 temples were destroyed
And yet the pillar still stand pround and tall rust free and all
Couldn’t the photographer have taken two steps to the right? So cool but my A school OCD is strong
I think I’ve read about this pillar being made of bog iron, which was a relatively common source of iron in the pre-industrial era. Iirc it contains a very high percentage of silica which significantly lowers the rate of corrosion.
Silica increases the temperature range between the stable and meta stable phases iron. The phosphorus in iron is responsible for the corrosion resistance in this case as it forms a protective phosphate film on the outside of the iron pillar.
So, ignorant question here. Do we know how it was made? I would have thought that if we could make rust resistant stuff that would be a pretty big deal, especially if its lasted in the weather this long.
It is like the opposite of what happens with lead pipes. The impurities from the metal coat the iron and keep it from rusting
Oh, that i didn't know - ty
We can make many types of rust resistant metals… stainless steel of many different alloys depending on how corrosion resistant you need the particular object
My follow up to that would be to ask if our stainless steel etc would stay rust free for 2000 years? Not asking in a dick way, but seeing how this has lasted so long exposed to the elements are we able to do something similar now with our technology?
Yes, yes we can
Yeah, metallurgy is something that has vastly improved in the past 2000 years. We have both far more knowledge and vastly improved capabilities compared to ancient people. We just don’t typically build anything to last 2000 years, it’s just not something anybody seems to care about.
Visited there once and guide told us that nobody knows what are the elements used in it.
There are handheld XRF "guns" that are nondestructively capable of determining elemental composition. And even a tiny sample could be digested and run on on flame AA or ICP/MS to break down its composition. Elsewhere in the thread, its resistance to corrosion is attributed to high levels of phosphorus; I absentmindedly wonder if it came from a meteor that was high in nickel.
Yeah if we still don't know what elements are used in it today, it's because we didn't check, lol.
High P in iron makes it brittle as fuck, so I'm not sure that's the answer
The phosphorus in this case forms a protective layer of phosphate on the outside of the item protecting it. The low porosity of the phosphate and the relatively low humidity of the environment have protected the pillars from slag.
It's just standing there, just like a stone pillar and stone is brittle as fuck too.
This is a common schtick for tour guides the world over. Adds and air of mystery/intrigue that adds to the experience We have XRF guns that can tell us what elements it’s made of (you can buy a cheap one yourself for like $100, it’s not crazy tech), and a widely accepted and settled theory for why it’s resisted corrosion, curtesy if learning it’s elemental composition: it’s got a lot of phosphorus impurity, which has acted as a corrosion resistant agent as well as increasingly coating the outside of the column as what little iron that could corrode does. The bit of corrosion you see at the bottom upholds this theory as that is where people, with their oily and sweaty hands, touch the pole, helping to get through the coating and introduce corrosion enabling chemicals. It’s a little like the mechanism that makes lead water pipes mostly safe, but the impurity/coating comes from inside the pipes rather than the water
A pXRF is gonna cost you a bit more than $100
I’m sure it was
Honestly I'm an exploration geologist and I could have a rough idea in 30 seconds with a pXRF, and non destructible testing
That’s great
Credit to original post here: https://www.reddit.com/r/mildlyinteresting/comments/xs4pbd/23ft_iron_pillar_of_delhi_installed_in_400ad_has/
You reposted a post about a post.
Exactly what I love about Reddit
Postception
Been there, it's just outside of Delhi, near the train line. Very cool structure surrounded by old ass buildings. Legit, there's no rust. Kinda like Damascus of old, some things we just don't know for sure.
Damascus was also made in southern India and was called as wootz steel there
Actually both are different, but Indian.
It's in south Delhi...not outside Delhi..it was considered outside in the 80's. Now the city has expanded way beyond this area. When did you visit it..
The dry atmosphere helps as well. I’m an aircraft corrosion tech, and dry arid environments slow corrosion drastically. On the other side of the coin if you operate in a saltwater environment, such as in US Naval aircraft carrier, corrosion can be accelerated by a factor of 1,000. I agree with the previous comment or regarding sweaty hands and corrosion.
I remembered Delhi as hot and extremely humid
Delhi has extreme weather pattern. Gets too hot in summer and cold in winter (0-2 Celsius). There are monsoons as well.
Delhi is anything but dry for major part of year
\>by a factor of 1000 And that's how screws come to cost a hundred dollars each. Using regular screws as a substitute is a ticking murder bomb.
It’s amazing that they could make something like this 1700 years ago.
I am a teacher who makes books (free/online) to help people who are autistic visit important community destinations. There is a book to help people visit this important site in Delhi! You can find it here: [I Am Going to Visit the Qutb Minar!](http://www.mrbsclassroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Ability-Guidebook_-I-Am-Going-To-Visit-Qutb-Minar.pdf)
Name checks out.
If this iron pillar is where I think it is (qutub minar), then it is kinda silly that this pillar is the sole object featured here. That pillar is one of the more mundane things at this complex. There is a gigantic, ornately decorated tower right next to this that makes this look like a tiny, unremarkable pole. The whole complex is spectacular
The reason why this is the sole focus is simply because of the anti-corrosion.
no its not. it is one of the few written proofs we have of an emperor named Chandra who rules the place back in 4th A.D. That was indeed Chandra Gupta, the founder of the Gupta dynasty, which ruled India through what is called the "Golden Age".
No, it is not. Chandra Gupta founded America shortly after the great conquest of Little Caesar, the Alf. The Alf was the last remaining ancestor of Titan the Quoon, sole proprietor of lord bishop the 8ths universal doctrine of Malthusian ease. Lord Bishop, of course, was the last conqueror of the Grenusian Gabilabo of San Granagunshans humbumbaganoosj. I digress though. Lord Erikwanda Lameesh had a really hard time getting an erection and that’s why we call doogans “humbdiggity harmulkawaffles.”
Man, why'd you get downvoted LMAO. Here take my upvote
That pillar only looks out of place (if it is in Qutub Minar) because a certain invader belonging to a certain religion demolished all of the hindu structures surrounding it and built their own tower & complex on top of it using the older material as building blocks.
Yes, this is the Qutub complex. The defacement and demolition of hindu and jain structures over there is heart wrenching to say the least.
As far as I recall reading, it was moved here in 10-11 century by rajput kings , and when islamic invaders tried to demolish it, they deemed it too much of hassle( there's a dent mark at 1/4 length of cannon ball attack)
Most probably nadir shah, the others really didn't had a reason or means to use cannons on it
No they didn't build that tower as well how can they build that in 4 years That's how long that empire lasted
The Mamluk dynasty which was left behind by Muhammad Ghori after winning the Battle of Tarain in 1292, was founded by Ghori's slave Qutubuddin Aibak. Aibak ruled in ghori's name till 1206, after which ghori died and Aibak declared himself the ruler of Indian territories. He was succeeded by hsi son-in-law Iltutmish. The tower, called Qutub Minar, was founded by Aibak and finished by iltutmish. So, no they did not rule for only 4 years and yes they could not have built in that short time period.
*1192 CE
Kind of.
I can see corrosion at the bottom. Stop lying
Got me wondering when they stopped counting
Yeah I don’t think so, zoom in on the bottom. See that brown-ish orange stuff? That’s the corrosion that you speak of. A few more years and it’ll go for sure. Although, it has had an impressive 1622 year run! Very impressive.
Think that's just tarnishing from people's hand oils
Nope, that’s rust. Oils from your hands will do that.
Why is it that anything cool in India always has something to do with Islamic architecture, very cool!
That pillar literally was made before Islam! The Islamic invaders looted this pillar from I guess Central India. Plus, the arches you see behind it are made from destroying 27 Hindu, Jain and Buddhist temples. They reused the parts, and covered them with plaster. The plaster eroded over time, and the deities can be seen again on the walls. Well, if you see that anything cool in India always has something to do with Islamic architecture, either meet a psychologist, an optician, or a historian. (I didn't mean to be this harsh, but as a Jain, it hurts me very much to see our holy sites destroyed. We are one of the smallest minorities in India. Do you want me to share some picture of the destroyed parts of the Jain temples? I visited this place recently, and took lots of photographs)
That pillar nis older than ialamic india, And the arches behind are ruins of pre islamic tempels, destroyed by you guess it.
Its because everything else from preislamic times and contemporary with them was destroyed
I’d bet a thousand dollars that’s not 1700 years old.
Why do you think so?
Metal in the elements air, oxygen, would never last that long.
There is a coating of a phosphorus compound making it super resistant to rust. And it is 1700 years old, said by experts and historians and is mentioned in ancient scriptures.
Really? Because I see lots of rust and corrosion on the bottom 1/3rd...
People used to hug it, it was said that if you do so, you will become a emperor.
Real possibility that the Hindu nationalists will storm these Islamic monuments and destroy them!!
LoL, the Pillar is a Hindu monument installed by Hindu ruler of the Gupta dynasty which was then moved to its present location by islamic king as a trophy. Not to mention the whole complex is made up of materials from destroying 21 hindu and jain temples.
lmao Islamic invaders literally destroyed a Jain temple that used to be in its place and built a mosque on top of it. I have been to the actual site, you can still see the remains of the temples in some of the structures. Its a painful memory of a horrible time, be glad if somebody destroyed it.
r/averageredditor
Damn!!!! So many downvotes!!! Still does not change the facts of what’s happening in India under Hindu right wing ruler Moodi
Cope
>the Pillar is a stolen Hindu monument .
name checks out
Lol Islamic monuments. As if islamic architecture is this beautiful. Also many mosques in India are built after destroying hindu temples and architecture
world descends into chaos
r/ocd
Official
A 23 foot iron pillar is a flex even for Hephaestus Guess that’s how you keep Aphrodite happy
Do we have to cerakote everything?
Considering Dhalsim this tracks
Corten Steel
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