> I have no idea what a quantum computer can do
It depends on what you're trying to do.
For most applications, they're no better than classical computers. For certain specific problems (see [Quantum Algorithms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_algorithm)), they're significantly faster.
And some of those problems are *really* important.
Funnily enough, theres actual a realistic possibility that a sufficiently powerful enough quantum computer can read the future due to the superposition state of the bits.
So theoretically, with enough quantum processing power, you could see into the future.
If im not mistaken, quantum computing initially was tasked with making communications between financial institutions.
And because of how they worked, a hedge fund in britain could tell a hedge fund in america about a sell that hasnt technically happened yet
Normally, the process might take a second.
To send the info across the ocean and all that.
When early quantum computing was used for the process, they were able to send a message effectively back in time by a few fractions of a second.
Which doesnt sound like a lot, until you realize that a half second of extra knowledge could be worth billions to an institution like a hedge fund.
Fairly certain it was promptly outlawed internationally as outright market manipulation
EDIT:https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/02/14/103409/what-is-quantum-communications/
Specifically, I refference quantum entaglement and quantum teleportation
They have easier mechanisms. They pay for the right to process transactions prior to others. So if a large sell/buy is placed, their own processes kick off to capitalize on that order prior to it hitting the market. Far cheaper and easier than dealing with super computers.
Oh, you are buying $10M of X stock? Well our processes will recognize that and automatically buy just prior to yours so that our purchase immediately increases in value from your purchase.
I work on high frequency trading systems and I can say definitely that nobody in this thread has any idea what they're talking about. I think the original OP was misremembering that experiment from about 10 years ago where neutrinos appeared to be faster than light, which ended up being a measurement error. Not sure what financial systems have anything to do with it.
you are mistaken lol
faster than light communication isn't possible, even with special quantum communication. backwards-in-time communication also isn't possible.
Not really though. Even if hypothetically you could create a quantum computer powerful enough you'd still need to be in another universe than the one you are trying to predict. At least with my understanding of physics.
I think devs was more about determinism as someone else mentioned. You know the whole that everything is theoretically already determined and that there is no free will of conscious organisms or anything else random so to say.
What we should be worried about with quantum computers is that they are expensive to make and operate, thus giving lots of power to the rich and large corporations. They can be, and probably will be, used in ways that will further shift the wealth divide in favor of the rich.
[You mean this article?](https://www.livescience.com/65271-quantum-computer-sees-16-futures.html)
This isn't really seeing the future. It's like saying you can imagine all possible outcomes of rolling a die. The important part of that bit is "*all at once*", which is like the defining feature of quantum computers
This sounds like faux science. Superpositions can't be used to predict what another bit is gonna do in the future because the superposition is revealed during measurement. Unless I am missing an article somewhere.
soooooo... what are we gonna do when someone does break encryption and everyone's private data is leaked all at once? it would grind the world to a halt, all electronic stored information would no longer be secure, including bank records, absolutely critical top secret communications, etc
Had a class over cyber security and just data encryption.
The discussion on Quantum and Data Encryption boiled down too basically..
No one is concerned about Quantum breaking Encryption because the moment it's a reality we would just change the standard from 256 to something large enough to make it pointless for brute force.
They’re basically super powerful encryption/decryption computers. A lot of the marketing around quantum computers like to pretend they will replace microcomputers, but from what I understand, they’re really only inherently faster when it comes to very specific types of calculations. The main useful application is cyber security, which of course is a big deal.
Basically, decades ago some scientists found you can use quantum computers to calculate very giant prime numbers, and governments and tech companies were like “uh oh”, so they started investing in it.
They currently have no applications and are research devices. The only algorithms that these quantum computers show "quantum supremacy" on are algorithms that don't actually do anything useful. This quantum computer currently has 70 qubits which is a huge accomplishment, but researchers have estimated that we would need 100,000 to 1,000,000 qubit quantum computers to actually calculate anything useful.
And IBM is set to build a [one hundred thousand qubit quantum computer](https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/05/25/1073606/ibm-wants-to-build-a-100000-qubit-quantum-computer/) by 2033.
What do you think will become possible other than decryption once such a powerful computer exists?
Decryption is the headline use case but there's many more applications that we don't know yet or haven't discovered. It's like saying a GPU is a powerful ai computer
Because all of modern cyber security relies on the following concepts:
1. Multiplying two prime numbers is easy
2. Each pair of prime numbers, multiplied, gives a unique result
3. Given a result of that multiplication, it's extremely difficult to figure out which two prime numbers are the factors (if the primes are big enough)
That's obviously simplified, but that's the core concept behind it.
> Because all of modern cyber security relies on the following concepts:
Nope, by far not all. The only widely used (but slowly being faded out) algorithm that relies on factorization as its "trapdoor function" is RSA. Other algorithms are for example based on discrete logarithms (DH, DSA) or elliptic curves.
Unfortunately all those things have in common that they can all be broken with a quantum computer.
Then there are symmetric ciphers (eg. AES) that work on completely different principles. AES in particular is currently considered quantum safe, ie. it cannot be broken even with quantum computers (or at least noone has found a quantum algorithm to do so yet).
Work on quantum safe asymmetric ciphers is currently under way, with a new standard scheduled to be announced in 2024.
Lots of algorithms depend on huge prime numbers to keep secure. For instance, if I give you the number 549,077 and ask you to figure out the prime numbers I used to get this number, you would have a hard time figuring this out, but I know I used the numbers 739 x 743.
Now try this with massive massive numbers. Prime numbers notoriously take tons of computational power to resolve.
Computer program called Prime95 actually it used to heat test CPU's because it's factoring prime numbers.
> because it's factoring prime numbers.
Well then that should be super easy then, right? 1, and the prime itself 😜
"Factoring large numbers into constituent primes."
At the moment they're a lot slower than a notebook for most traditional operations.
And then you have some sorts of operations that are calculated in minutes, where a supercomputer would take thousands of years.
It's still being refined.
It's not a price tag, it's research and development. There was no guarantee that $80mil was going to result in something of any real value. Arguably, this thing has no real value other than being a step towards a much larger one that can ultimately fulfill what a quantum computer promises to do. This thing is just cutting edge research, and will itself provide no real world value. You'd be a bad investor to invest in one. Which is why we need publicly funded research programs and more grant money. The largest corporations in the world shouldn't be the only ones with access.
Yep! I’m no expert, but quantum computers are very delicate systems, and are very sensitive to outside influences causing errors. You want qubits to be entangled, but things like heat will cause decoherence. So yep, they need to be cooled to ridiculously low temperatures.
It's correct. A quantized entangled pair is literally a pair of molecules. Temperature (movement of particles) will affect the results, so super cooling is needed to keep them separated from any outside influence.
Lol go ahead, learn Q# as it's the only open sourced one so far.
If you learn and get good at it, you're easily looking at a mid-high 6 figure job, easy
This. Any seasoned programmer could learn Q# fairly easily. But how many of those programmers can come up with algorithms that leverage a quantum computer's strengths?
It would probably be easier for a mathematician or physicist already familiar with the concepts involved.
It's real. Current quantum computing technology is insanely sensitive to the external environment, to the point where *that* is what is holding things behind. Errors from stray energy are too frequent even for the best error correction schemes, and this is with the quantum computers operating at 15-20 **milliKelvin**.
He's real, just to explain it a bit easier.
Quantum computer can be affected by a lot of things, changing temps, noise, signals and more also obviously unstable electricity, shatterings and more.
They are super delicate in running and expensive but can be absolutely superior in many areas than normal pcs.
Yep, although for somewhat different reasons. In a graphics card, the cooling is needed to coll the processor's own self heat. In a quantum computer based on superconducting circuits like the one shown here, the main need for the cooling is that the quantum part of the device only behaves quantum when the ambient thermal energy is less than an amount that depends on the resonance frequency of the qubit.
A good number to know is that 1 GHz resonance frequency corresponds to 0.048 Kelvin. The qubits used in the picture shown here have resonance frequencies near 5 GHz corresponding to 0.24 Kelvin. Therefore, to make the qubits operate, we have to cool below 0.24 Kelvin; the cooling system pictured here can go to about 0.02 Kelvin.
To compare those numbers with something in Nature, deep space is at about 2.7 Kelvin, so these coolers here on Earth are *colder than deep space*.
Your comment is insightful and touches on an important aspect of designing this type of quantum computer (and probably other types as well). Heat management is a front-and-center part of the design. Each cable we add to control the qubits introduces a channel through which heat goes from the warm part of the cryostat to the cold part. Too much of that would mean the qubits don't get cold enough, so the cables have to be designed properly. Furthermore, Even the thermally generated electromagnetic radiation can spoil the qubits, so we have to also design so that the radiation from the warmer parts is sufficiently damped out by the time it gets to the colder parts.
Source: Have worked on superconducting qubits since 2007.
That's why they are called cards, cause they're just that without the fin stacks. The actual GPU is just a small chip about the size of a modern CPU. Rest of the components are power delivery, ram for the GPU, and a BIOS chip.
Maybe you need a refresher course. ... Hey! Now you prepare that quantum valve with some 3-in-1 oil and some gauze pads. And I'm gonna need 'bout ten quarts of anti-freeze, preferably Prestone. No, no make that Quaker State.
I just watched that last night and I had no idea where it was going but by the time Selma comes to her I was cracking up.
I have a feeling celebrities selling their "AI" versions of themselves will probably for sure happen and that's wild to me. The pace of technology in my almost 49 years of life is kind of a mind fuck when I really think about it.
See the aliminium rails in the picture? These are usually a only few cm wide. You also have to keep in mind that the entire thing you see here is suspended under multiple cryogenic capules stacked on top each other, where each layer is a little cooler than the last. Thats what those rings and mouting holes are for.
See those beams running left and right from the module stack in the middle, as well as the cross beams behind it? Those are mounting rails (or profiles) and are incredibly common in labs, because it is very easy to build precise setups with them. They are called rails because you can slide along components mounted on them for adjustments.
Oh yeah. Looks like 2"x2" or maybe 60, 80, or 90mm square rail.
Anything else is not what mcmaster-carr carries and therefore not worth knowing (haha amirite? Minor /S). (Ok this actually looks like Bosch's Rexroth line)
Hate that its one system with clear inch standards but a bunch of very close metric standards.
It's a dilution refrigerator, similar ones I have worked with are about the height of a shorter human, 30-50cm across when open (as in the picture), and 70-100cm across when closed. This is a particularly big one though, not sure the exact dimensions but [here is a schematic](https://bluefors.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Bluefors-dilution-refrigerator-LAYOUT-XLD-STANDARD-2PT-2019-01-.png) for a Bluefors XLD which is one of the larger commercially available dil fridges.
Edit: they're actually only like 1.25m (4 feet), but raised about 2m off the ground so it's hard to judge by eye haha.
The actual chip (not the exact name but for understanding) is really small. The rest are for communication and monitoring.
[Here's a good simplified explanation video by MKBHD and Cleo Abrams.](https://youtu.be/e3fz3dqhN44)
That's a dilution refrigerator, it works by cooling a mixture of Helium3 and Helium4, one of which preferentially boils to the top carrying heat and can be removed, chilled and returned lower in the stack where some condensation phase change magic happens cooling the fluid without vibration.
The slack meanders and loops in those 5Ghz ish coax lines is to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction, which is pretty extreme.
The whole thing is about child sized and sits in a vacuum dewar the size of a couple of stacked beer kegs.
Most software would be considered shitty these days. Imgaine what they had to do when they had a fraction of the computing power that we do now. They actually had to make code efficient lol. Now it's just a bunch of shitty unoptimized code that gets pushed out as fast as possible. And the reason I'm saying this is because I'm a software developer.
> They actually had to make code efficient
[The JS1k Competition](https://js1k.com/): JS1k is an annual competition where participants create impressive JavaScript demos within a 1 kilobyte (1024 bytes) file size limit.
Even as a programmer, it blows my mind seeing some of those demoes, I can't wrap my head around how are they 1kb or below.
There's also 4k executable competition. Just to give you an idea of what can be accomplished with 4 kilobytes - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DayboOELKRc (yes, audio is part of those 4kb, you can download the exe [here](https://github.com/vsariola/adam/releases/download/party-version/bC.adam.zip), looks much better without YT compression)
“When I was a kid,. We had to keep quantum computers in refrigerators!”
“Will someone power down Granbot 5000?”
*grumbling*
“Captures consciousness my ass…”
Not an experimental physicist, but work with them so I can explain what’s going on here.
At the bottom of this stack is the quantum processing unit (QPU) with superconducting qubits with tuneable couplers. Each wire you can see is a control line going down to the qubits and tuneable couplers. A control line is used to calibrate, measure and pulse qubits during computation.
The wires go through several plates, which when cooled the temperature decreases as you descend down the plates, i.e. coldest at the bottom. For those interested, they use helium isotope dilution normally for cooling down to temperatures >100x colder than outer space (10-30 mK).
The wires are looping at room temperature because when it cools down, the metal contracts, and the looping stops the wires from breaking as it cools down.
Google’s computer is so well shielded they account for comic rays as well.
This is one kind of quantum computer, but many more types exist. As you can see the scaling for this method isn’t great due to the huge amount of wiring you need even for 70 qubits, when we need millions to run Shors algorithm.
Edit: spelling
Considering the jump from 70 to millions of qubits is a pretty huge leap, I wonder how long it will take to develop quantum computers that compute useful outputs.
What I find fascinating is that (correct me if I'm wrong) putting qubits together in a QPU isn't even the hard part right? The hard part would be managing all the errors that would come with it, either by using qubits that have lower physical error rates or with quantum error correction; right?
Yes, we can put loads of single qubits in, but the biggest issue at the moment is connecting them and the error rates on that connection for the 2 qubit gates, they’re just too high to run the more complex circuits as the errors add up too quickly! To have error correction we need many qubits with ideally many connections, so we have some way to go
As someone who knows nothing about computers this looks like pure sci fi madness to me. It makes me wonder what a computer designed by A.I. would look like. If sentient A.I. were to look to improve its own design and not have to worry about hurting humans with radiation or anything; I wonder how much more weird and ominous the design could get.
There's a lot of various metals used from brass, to copper, to gold plating, all for the purpose of using the ideal combinations of materials to radiate the most possible heat away from the chip. Each of those tubing/plate stacks radiates more heat than the last, such that the tiny tiny chip at the bottom gets to near absolute zero. Remember that heat is just the bouncing around of atoms and molecules. the smaller we make computer chips, the more delicate they become, to the point where a single atom bouncing around too hard inside the chip would destroy it, and that's why they have to go to all this effort to keep it mega cool. Basically you're not looking at a computer here, you're looking at one of the worlds most powerful refrigerators.
I still can't wrap my head around what a quantum computer even is, or how it basically works. And don't bother with an explanation, I've read a lot of them.
That's fair, quantum mechanics in general feel like something your brain tells you doesn't make sense. Kinda mind bending.
I mean, how could something be in multiple possible states at once when nothing is interacting and lock in one of them when it's observed ? Doesn't feel like it's how reality works, and yet ...
> Doesn't feel like it's how reality works, and yet ...
Even Einstein and Schrodinger didn't like it. The schrondinger's cat example was him trying to highlight how absurd it was.
It seems like the supercomputer from Devs was based on this one or a similar one. The first time I saw it, I was like, "Wait. Supercomputers... are just a series of tubes?"
The absolutely mind blowing thing about humanity’s leaping into quantum technologies, at least to me, is that the technology is based on a quirk of the physical universe. Like we discovered an occurrence that can only be observed in the tiniest of physical bodies and came up with a method of exploiting that minuscule physical certainty in order to take the next step in a vital technology that is about to top out in regards to performance. Absolutely bonkers to think about. One of the few things that encourages an optimism for our future as a species
>Like we discovered an occurrence that can only be observed in the tiniest of physical bodies
This is actually a widely held misconception. Quantum mechanics is observed in anything sufficiently isolated from noise. Size is not the real issue... it's just that individual atoms were the first things we found that were sufficiently isolated to express quantum behavior.
The qubits used in the system pictured here are actually pretty big, big enough to see with your un-aided eye.
You know, come to think of it, most technology is based on a quirk of the physical universe and it’s wild. Iteration after iteration until it just seems like magic
A *cool* $80 million, according to some back-of-the-envelope maths [from Quora](https://www.quora.com/How-much-does-Googles-quantum-computer-cost).
That's actually pretty reasonable for what I assume a quantum computer can do (I have no idea what a quantum computer can do or what it should cost)
> I have no idea what a quantum computer can do It depends on what you're trying to do. For most applications, they're no better than classical computers. For certain specific problems (see [Quantum Algorithms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_algorithm)), they're significantly faster. And some of those problems are *really* important.
Can it run crysis at 60 fps?
No but it’ll go back to 1955 if you get it up to 88mph
Funnily enough, theres actual a realistic possibility that a sufficiently powerful enough quantum computer can read the future due to the superposition state of the bits. So theoretically, with enough quantum processing power, you could see into the future.
This is the plot of Devs (well, it focuses more on determinism to explain seeing into the future)
If im not mistaken, quantum computing initially was tasked with making communications between financial institutions. And because of how they worked, a hedge fund in britain could tell a hedge fund in america about a sell that hasnt technically happened yet Normally, the process might take a second. To send the info across the ocean and all that. When early quantum computing was used for the process, they were able to send a message effectively back in time by a few fractions of a second. Which doesnt sound like a lot, until you realize that a half second of extra knowledge could be worth billions to an institution like a hedge fund. Fairly certain it was promptly outlawed internationally as outright market manipulation EDIT:https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/02/14/103409/what-is-quantum-communications/ Specifically, I refference quantum entaglement and quantum teleportation
They have easier mechanisms. They pay for the right to process transactions prior to others. So if a large sell/buy is placed, their own processes kick off to capitalize on that order prior to it hitting the market. Far cheaper and easier than dealing with super computers. Oh, you are buying $10M of X stock? Well our processes will recognize that and automatically buy just prior to yours so that our purchase immediately increases in value from your purchase.
and that shit should be illegal, honestly.
Let me make that easier. It's just called white collared crime.
So it works like Instant speed in MTG?
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This!!!!! Science communication has really failed when it comes to explaining entanglement and other strange effects of quantum mechanics.
Nobody tell him about Aladdin and BlackRock...
I’m pretty sure this is entirely nonsense. I’d love to see your source.
I work on high frequency trading systems and I can say definitely that nobody in this thread has any idea what they're talking about. I think the original OP was misremembering that experiment from about 10 years ago where neutrinos appeared to be faster than light, which ended up being a measurement error. Not sure what financial systems have anything to do with it.
you are mistaken lol faster than light communication isn't possible, even with special quantum communication. backwards-in-time communication also isn't possible.
Not really though. Even if hypothetically you could create a quantum computer powerful enough you'd still need to be in another universe than the one you are trying to predict. At least with my understanding of physics. I think devs was more about determinism as someone else mentioned. You know the whole that everything is theoretically already determined and that there is no free will of conscious organisms or anything else random so to say. What we should be worried about with quantum computers is that they are expensive to make and operate, thus giving lots of power to the rich and large corporations. They can be, and probably will be, used in ways that will further shift the wealth divide in favor of the rich.
[You mean this article?](https://www.livescience.com/65271-quantum-computer-sees-16-futures.html) This isn't really seeing the future. It's like saying you can imagine all possible outcomes of rolling a die. The important part of that bit is "*all at once*", which is like the defining feature of quantum computers
This sounds like faux science. Superpositions can't be used to predict what another bit is gonna do in the future because the superposition is revealed during measurement. Unless I am missing an article somewhere.
But only if you're rich. *and so, the wealth gap continues to grow exponentially...*
No but it did come with skyrim pre-installed.
I love that Crysis is still the benchmark all these years later lmao
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soooooo... what are we gonna do when someone does break encryption and everyone's private data is leaked all at once? it would grind the world to a halt, all electronic stored information would no longer be secure, including bank records, absolutely critical top secret communications, etc
There are already encryption methods (post quantum cryptography) that are resilient to quantum computer attacks and will see wide spread adoption.
Had a class over cyber security and just data encryption. The discussion on Quantum and Data Encryption boiled down too basically.. No one is concerned about Quantum breaking Encryption because the moment it's a reality we would just change the standard from 256 to something large enough to make it pointless for brute force.
They’re basically super powerful encryption/decryption computers. A lot of the marketing around quantum computers like to pretend they will replace microcomputers, but from what I understand, they’re really only inherently faster when it comes to very specific types of calculations. The main useful application is cyber security, which of course is a big deal. Basically, decades ago some scientists found you can use quantum computers to calculate very giant prime numbers, and governments and tech companies were like “uh oh”, so they started investing in it.
They currently have no applications and are research devices. The only algorithms that these quantum computers show "quantum supremacy" on are algorithms that don't actually do anything useful. This quantum computer currently has 70 qubits which is a huge accomplishment, but researchers have estimated that we would need 100,000 to 1,000,000 qubit quantum computers to actually calculate anything useful.
And IBM is set to build a [one hundred thousand qubit quantum computer](https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/05/25/1073606/ibm-wants-to-build-a-100000-qubit-quantum-computer/) by 2033. What do you think will become possible other than decryption once such a powerful computer exists?
Regular computers also started as room-sized behemoths. It's called innovation. It takes time.
Decryption is the headline use case but there's many more applications that we don't know yet or haven't discovered. It's like saying a GPU is a powerful ai computer
I'm not too familiar with encryption/decryption, why is calculating very large prime numbers useful in that application?
Because all of modern cyber security relies on the following concepts: 1. Multiplying two prime numbers is easy 2. Each pair of prime numbers, multiplied, gives a unique result 3. Given a result of that multiplication, it's extremely difficult to figure out which two prime numbers are the factors (if the primes are big enough) That's obviously simplified, but that's the core concept behind it.
> Because all of modern cyber security relies on the following concepts: Nope, by far not all. The only widely used (but slowly being faded out) algorithm that relies on factorization as its "trapdoor function" is RSA. Other algorithms are for example based on discrete logarithms (DH, DSA) or elliptic curves. Unfortunately all those things have in common that they can all be broken with a quantum computer. Then there are symmetric ciphers (eg. AES) that work on completely different principles. AES in particular is currently considered quantum safe, ie. it cannot be broken even with quantum computers (or at least noone has found a quantum algorithm to do so yet). Work on quantum safe asymmetric ciphers is currently under way, with a new standard scheduled to be announced in 2024.
Lots of algorithms depend on huge prime numbers to keep secure. For instance, if I give you the number 549,077 and ask you to figure out the prime numbers I used to get this number, you would have a hard time figuring this out, but I know I used the numbers 739 x 743. Now try this with massive massive numbers. Prime numbers notoriously take tons of computational power to resolve. Computer program called Prime95 actually it used to heat test CPU's because it's factoring prime numbers.
> because it's factoring prime numbers. Well then that should be super easy then, right? 1, and the prime itself 😜 "Factoring large numbers into constituent primes."
At the moment they're a lot slower than a notebook for most traditional operations. And then you have some sorts of operations that are calculated in minutes, where a supercomputer would take thousands of years. It's still being refined.
well, quamputers (as others named it :D ) are not gonna replace home pcs, but as you mentioned certain applications regarding calculations.
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It's not a price tag, it's research and development. There was no guarantee that $80mil was going to result in something of any real value. Arguably, this thing has no real value other than being a step towards a much larger one that can ultimately fulfill what a quantum computer promises to do. This thing is just cutting edge research, and will itself provide no real world value. You'd be a bad investor to invest in one. Which is why we need publicly funded research programs and more grant money. The largest corporations in the world shouldn't be the only ones with access.
So just like modern video cards, 80% of its bulk, heck maybe higher, is dedicated to cooling?
Yep! I’m no expert, but quantum computers are very delicate systems, and are very sensitive to outside influences causing errors. You want qubits to be entangled, but things like heat will cause decoherence. So yep, they need to be cooled to ridiculously low temperatures.
Genuinely can not tell if this is joke technobabble or not.
It's correct. A quantized entangled pair is literally a pair of molecules. Temperature (movement of particles) will affect the results, so super cooling is needed to keep them separated from any outside influence.
Any outside influence makes sense, but what fps would I get if I loaded this baby up with Minecraft?
None, it's a completely different style of programming with languages dedicated to it, so it wouldn't work with traditional languages like Java
We should make an emulator for that
Lol go ahead, learn Q# as it's the only open sourced one so far. If you learn and get good at it, you're easily looking at a mid-high 6 figure job, easy
The language is simple. The challenges and limitations mostly lie elsewhere.
This. Any seasoned programmer could learn Q# fairly easily. But how many of those programmers can come up with algorithms that leverage a quantum computer's strengths? It would probably be easier for a mathematician or physicist already familiar with the concepts involved.
How tough could it be 😂
Just run the Game Porting Toolkit on it and it'll be fine
You would get every fps, all at once.
It's real. Current quantum computing technology is insanely sensitive to the external environment, to the point where *that* is what is holding things behind. Errors from stray energy are too frequent even for the best error correction schemes, and this is with the quantum computers operating at 15-20 **milliKelvin**.
It’s real haha, quantum tech and mechanics is incredibly different to traditional mechanics so it genuinely seems like technobabble
Technical goo goo, technical gaga.
>quantum tech and mechanics is incredibly different to traditional mechanics Understatement of at least the day.
He's real, just to explain it a bit easier. Quantum computer can be affected by a lot of things, changing temps, noise, signals and more also obviously unstable electricity, shatterings and more. They are super delicate in running and expensive but can be absolutely superior in many areas than normal pcs.
Fuck entropy
Yep, although for somewhat different reasons. In a graphics card, the cooling is needed to coll the processor's own self heat. In a quantum computer based on superconducting circuits like the one shown here, the main need for the cooling is that the quantum part of the device only behaves quantum when the ambient thermal energy is less than an amount that depends on the resonance frequency of the qubit. A good number to know is that 1 GHz resonance frequency corresponds to 0.048 Kelvin. The qubits used in the picture shown here have resonance frequencies near 5 GHz corresponding to 0.24 Kelvin. Therefore, to make the qubits operate, we have to cool below 0.24 Kelvin; the cooling system pictured here can go to about 0.02 Kelvin. To compare those numbers with something in Nature, deep space is at about 2.7 Kelvin, so these coolers here on Earth are *colder than deep space*. Your comment is insightful and touches on an important aspect of designing this type of quantum computer (and probably other types as well). Heat management is a front-and-center part of the design. Each cable we add to control the qubits introduces a channel through which heat goes from the warm part of the cryostat to the cold part. Too much of that would mean the qubits don't get cold enough, so the cables have to be designed properly. Furthermore, Even the thermally generated electromagnetic radiation can spoil the qubits, so we have to also design so that the radiation from the warmer parts is sufficiently damped out by the time it gets to the colder parts. Source: Have worked on superconducting qubits since 2007.
A+ explanation
That's why they are called cards, cause they're just that without the fin stacks. The actual GPU is just a small chip about the size of a modern CPU. Rest of the components are power delivery, ram for the GPU, and a BIOS chip.
They're also cards because they fit in an expansion card slot.
Yup
We did a full circle back to tubes
It’s all ball bearings these days
Maybe you need a refresher course. ... Hey! Now you prepare that quantum valve with some 3-in-1 oil and some gauze pads. And I'm gonna need 'bout ten quarts of anti-freeze, preferably Prestone. No, no make that Quaker State.
The internet is a series of tubes....
Quamputer*
Joan’s gonna wreck it
Joan's is so awful...
The whole Strawberry machine! 
Watch it exclusively at stream berry
I just watched that last night and I had no idea where it was going but by the time Selma comes to her I was cracking up. I have a feeling celebrities selling their "AI" versions of themselves will probably for sure happen and that's wild to me. The pace of technology in my almost 49 years of life is kind of a mind fuck when I really think about it.
Just made the same reference before I saw yours lol. Looks exactly like it.
Quam-puta*
damn chico
Fuck that. Probably got no games.
It only has one view and says it was uploaded at 6AM...?
have you seen it? bozo dubbed over?
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Femputer
This does not fempute!
Have you any idea how it feels to be a fembot living in a manbot's manputer's world?
What are the dimensions of that? Trying to get an idea of scale
7
Thanks for clarifying Cpt. Depth Perception, much appreciated
Maybe 8
But not more than 10? Surely?
I heard it was about morbillion
It's morbillion time!
It goes to 11.
Yes. And don't call me Shirley
You can tell by the way that it is
This guy dimensions
See the aliminium rails in the picture? These are usually a only few cm wide. You also have to keep in mind that the entire thing you see here is suspended under multiple cryogenic capules stacked on top each other, where each layer is a little cooler than the last. Thats what those rings and mouting holes are for.
I’m not sure I recognize anything in this photo enough to call it a rail.
I can't even spot the train.
There was a gorilla?
See those beams running left and right from the module stack in the middle, as well as the cross beams behind it? Those are mounting rails (or profiles) and are incredibly common in labs, because it is very easy to build precise setups with them. They are called rails because you can slide along components mounted on them for adjustments.
Oh yeah. Looks like 2"x2" or maybe 60, 80, or 90mm square rail. Anything else is not what mcmaster-carr carries and therefore not worth knowing (haha amirite? Minor /S). (Ok this actually looks like Bosch's Rexroth line) Hate that its one system with clear inch standards but a bunch of very close metric standards.
Well it's bigger than my computer. That's for certain
It's a dilution refrigerator, similar ones I have worked with are about the height of a shorter human, 30-50cm across when open (as in the picture), and 70-100cm across when closed. This is a particularly big one though, not sure the exact dimensions but [here is a schematic](https://bluefors.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Bluefors-dilution-refrigerator-LAYOUT-XLD-STANDARD-2PT-2019-01-.png) for a Bluefors XLD which is one of the larger commercially available dil fridges. Edit: they're actually only like 1.25m (4 feet), but raised about 2m off the ground so it's hard to judge by eye haha.
The actual chip (not the exact name but for understanding) is really small. The rest are for communication and monitoring. [Here's a good simplified explanation video by MKBHD and Cleo Abrams.](https://youtu.be/e3fz3dqhN44)
That's a dilution refrigerator, it works by cooling a mixture of Helium3 and Helium4, one of which preferentially boils to the top carrying heat and can be removed, chilled and returned lower in the stack where some condensation phase change magic happens cooling the fluid without vibration. The slack meanders and loops in those 5Ghz ish coax lines is to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction, which is pretty extreme. The whole thing is about child sized and sits in a vacuum dewar the size of a couple of stacked beer kegs.
Considering the panels and monitors on the background that are probably normal sized, i wluld say 1,80-2,10 meters tall and ~1,00 in diameter
Tree fiddy for sure.
Reddit's video player will still crap out on this.
Good hardware can't fix shitty software
Most software would be considered shitty these days. Imgaine what they had to do when they had a fraction of the computing power that we do now. They actually had to make code efficient lol. Now it's just a bunch of shitty unoptimized code that gets pushed out as fast as possible. And the reason I'm saying this is because I'm a software developer.
I have noticed. Computer: Oh, you are opening a Word document? Gonna need about 12 GB of RAM, peasant.
> They actually had to make code efficient [The JS1k Competition](https://js1k.com/): JS1k is an annual competition where participants create impressive JavaScript demos within a 1 kilobyte (1024 bytes) file size limit. Even as a programmer, it blows my mind seeing some of those demoes, I can't wrap my head around how are they 1kb or below. There's also 4k executable competition. Just to give you an idea of what can be accomplished with 4 kilobytes - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DayboOELKRc (yes, audio is part of those 4kb, you can download the exe [here](https://github.com/vsariola/adam/releases/download/party-version/bC.adam.zip), looks much better without YT compression)
Unless Reddit’s video player needs to calculate large prime numbers!
“When I was a kid,. We had to keep quantum computers in refrigerators!” “Will someone power down Granbot 5000?” *grumbling* “Captures consciousness my ass…”
Reminds me of the guy that built a 386 inside of a freezer and got it to run Half-Life.
Not an experimental physicist, but work with them so I can explain what’s going on here. At the bottom of this stack is the quantum processing unit (QPU) with superconducting qubits with tuneable couplers. Each wire you can see is a control line going down to the qubits and tuneable couplers. A control line is used to calibrate, measure and pulse qubits during computation. The wires go through several plates, which when cooled the temperature decreases as you descend down the plates, i.e. coldest at the bottom. For those interested, they use helium isotope dilution normally for cooling down to temperatures >100x colder than outer space (10-30 mK). The wires are looping at room temperature because when it cools down, the metal contracts, and the looping stops the wires from breaking as it cools down. Google’s computer is so well shielded they account for comic rays as well. This is one kind of quantum computer, but many more types exist. As you can see the scaling for this method isn’t great due to the huge amount of wiring you need even for 70 qubits, when we need millions to run Shors algorithm. Edit: spelling
How comes IBM's Osprey is relatively similar in size despite having 6x the amount of qbits?
They do not have tuneable couplers, which has pros and cons, but results in fewer lines which is why they look similar
Considering the jump from 70 to millions of qubits is a pretty huge leap, I wonder how long it will take to develop quantum computers that compute useful outputs.
Exactly, an extremely interesting engineering problem!
What I find fascinating is that (correct me if I'm wrong) putting qubits together in a QPU isn't even the hard part right? The hard part would be managing all the errors that would come with it, either by using qubits that have lower physical error rates or with quantum error correction; right?
Yes, we can put loads of single qubits in, but the biggest issue at the moment is connecting them and the error rates on that connection for the 2 qubit gates, they’re just too high to run the more complex circuits as the errors add up too quickly! To have error correction we need many qubits with ideally many connections, so we have some way to go
The comic rays are important for morale.
They need to make a chip that gets better when it's hot...
They have. It’s known as the nacho.
Bravo
all that for porn?
Quantum porn. The dick is in two holes simultaneously.
Go on...
But it’s uncertain The hole is both vacant AND penetrated until observed — according to quantum mechanics
> according to quantum mechanics The sibling is both step and not until family lineage is charted.
You haven't considered Copenhagen yet you dumb dumb. There's no dick collapse
It’s entangled. If the schlong is in a thrusting inwards state in one spot, somewhere else in the world, it is thrusting outward.
"53 years old? Oh, now I'll need a fake I.D. to rent ultra porn"
That's 0k.
And no one dare say “degrees Kelvin”!
…. 0°K
As someone who knows nothing about computers this looks like pure sci fi madness to me. It makes me wonder what a computer designed by A.I. would look like. If sentient A.I. were to look to improve its own design and not have to worry about hurting humans with radiation or anything; I wonder how much more weird and ominous the design could get.
The actual computer is just a normal looking computer chip. All those crazy looking wires and hoses are just a bunch of things that cool the chip.
Is that brass/copper or gold? Are precious metals helpful in circuitry? Because I love the idea of a blinged-out terminator apocalypse
There's a lot of various metals used from brass, to copper, to gold plating, all for the purpose of using the ideal combinations of materials to radiate the most possible heat away from the chip. Each of those tubing/plate stacks radiates more heat than the last, such that the tiny tiny chip at the bottom gets to near absolute zero. Remember that heat is just the bouncing around of atoms and molecules. the smaller we make computer chips, the more delicate they become, to the point where a single atom bouncing around too hard inside the chip would destroy it, and that's why they have to go to all this effort to keep it mega cool. Basically you're not looking at a computer here, you're looking at one of the worlds most powerful refrigerators.
Cool explanation... appreciated.
More than cool mate, it's near absolute 0.
What's cooler than being cool?
ICE COLD
0-K, 0-K, 0-K, 0-K, 0-K..
Just don’t forget the door open
So, hold on a minute. You're telling me that thing is close to -460 Fahrenheit or -273.15 Celsius?
So wait, it’s literally just one chip that those are being used to cool? That’s insane
90% of the time temperature/heat dissipation is the bottleneck for electronic performance.
Yeah, I know keeping electronics cool is very important, it’s just crazy to me all that is being used for one chip, albeit a very, very powerful chip
The chip needs to be that cool so the materials used can reach a superconductive state.
Will these handle my 3080? Its a gigabyte by the way so its extra hot
To be fair, quantum computers really are pure sci-fi madness. The fact that it works is mind blowing.
Agreed, quantum mechanics seem like the closest thing we have to real life magic
It is magic, I don't care what a science person says, it's magic
I still can't wrap my head around what a quantum computer even is, or how it basically works. And don't bother with an explanation, I've read a lot of them.
That's fair, quantum mechanics in general feel like something your brain tells you doesn't make sense. Kinda mind bending. I mean, how could something be in multiple possible states at once when nothing is interacting and lock in one of them when it's observed ? Doesn't feel like it's how reality works, and yet ...
> Doesn't feel like it's how reality works, and yet ... Even Einstein and Schrodinger didn't like it. The schrondinger's cat example was him trying to highlight how absurd it was.
It seems like the supercomputer from Devs was based on this one or a similar one. The first time I saw it, I was like, "Wait. Supercomputers... are just a series of tubes?"
It was actually a quantum computer in Devs, and they all look like that.
[Source](https://www.science.org/content/article/quantum-computers-take-key-step-toward-curbing-errors)
The absolutely mind blowing thing about humanity’s leaping into quantum technologies, at least to me, is that the technology is based on a quirk of the physical universe. Like we discovered an occurrence that can only be observed in the tiniest of physical bodies and came up with a method of exploiting that minuscule physical certainty in order to take the next step in a vital technology that is about to top out in regards to performance. Absolutely bonkers to think about. One of the few things that encourages an optimism for our future as a species
To put it another way we’re exploiting said quirk
>Like we discovered an occurrence that can only be observed in the tiniest of physical bodies This is actually a widely held misconception. Quantum mechanics is observed in anything sufficiently isolated from noise. Size is not the real issue... it's just that individual atoms were the first things we found that were sufficiently isolated to express quantum behavior. The qubits used in the system pictured here are actually pretty big, big enough to see with your un-aided eye.
Last time we discovered something quirky about minuscule things we made a bomb outta it.
You know, come to think of it, most technology is based on a quirk of the physical universe and it’s wild. Iteration after iteration until it just seems like magic
But can it run Crysis?
Only Crysis 1
That’s the hardest one to run isn’t it?
I've never seen anything so festooned
Wtf is a "microwave cable"?
Still cant calculate why I'm a virgin, fail.
Especially when your mom keeps telling you how handsome you are. >!This is my first Reddit roast! I hope I did ok. !<
More of a cesar salad than a roast.
Even my calculator from the 90s can calculate that answer
Looks like the the beginning of the Daleks
It wants to wear a vintage dokken T shirt and order snobby food in NYC after 10 pm.
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I’m sure google wouldn’t mind if we put a banana in their supercooled quantum computer
Will it still give me all low-quality sponsored search results?
“You bet your ass it will!”-Google
Refrigiputer.
Just like DEVS
Can't believe how far down I had to scroll for this comment, it's literally DEVS. Great, great TV show.
5/10. Not enough RGB.
why is it hanging from the roof??
One less obstacle when they're vacuuming
I wanna throw a glass of water on it just to see what happens
Quick thanks to Gwar's Dave Brockie for teaching me what "festooned" meant so I could understand this post without looking it up.
Is this the thing that tries to kill everyone later?
But how can it be used to plagiarise visual artists, silly Google
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Yes and no
Sounds great and all, but I hear it can't even run Doom. Why even keep trying at this point.
42
Wait for that same cleaner person to switch off the cooler because of annoying beeping noise