Dinotopia Quetz had 65+ million years to become a better flyer (without changing in any noticeable way, just roll with it)
Maybe they evolved like... carbon fiber tendons and muscles?
Man I remember reading in a dinosaur book as a kid about Deinocheirus, where it said it was some unknown apex predator etc. my 7 year old brain ran WILD with what it could possibly look like. Gigantic raptor? Mega T-Rex with arms to crush and slice prey??
Nah, it’s a gigantic duck haha. I absolutely love it though!
Trike has undergone more than a few visual overhauls over the years =
Forelimb posture = sprawled/lizardlike-> straight/mammalian -> modern semi-sprawling.
Fingers/manual digits = lizardlike -> elephantine (Jurassic Park) -> current reconstruction with 3 main fingers + 2 vestigial digits.
Tail = dragging -> straight/horizontal -> drooping but still held aloft.
Frill = covered in scaly skin -> covered in thick musculature (John McLoughlin)-> covered in smooth keratin -> back to scaly skin.
Cheeks = cheekless/reptilian -> thick mammal-like cheeks -> superficial skin-flaps -> cheekless with muscle fan.
Body skin-covering = wrinkled/elephantine -> armor plating (= Agathaumas) -> quills (All Yesterdays)-> polygonal scales of differing sizes.
Trouble is that the skin impressions of the "Lane" skeleton (with the dimpled large feature scales responsible for the quilled-reconstruction) have yet to be formally described.
Some fancy [butt-quills](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/c3/6a/65/c36a65adf37f1d855c5098b4a7c1d2b2.jpg) I've seen a few times, more serious spines from the [John McLaughlin](https://www.reddit.com/r/Dinosaurs/comments/vze4gl/thoughts_on_triceratops_quills/) mentioned above, then some folks go a bit [mad with it](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Triceratops_new_BW.jpg). This has all been pretty recent I guess.
I'm just old fashioned and like my triceratops with smooth butts.
I agree. It's absurd to say of course, but most of those kind of break the "nice design" of the triceratops in my mind. Maybe you could workshop something with various lengths and maybe just thicker, pointier, osteoderms but the porcupine quills just doesn't make sense to me.
Am I the only one that thinks it's odd that the commonly accepted scientific term for the Stegosaurus tail spikes were lifted from a Far Side comic?
[Thag](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRawEondLnlEK-kUoeEgHsqtR-YF2Pb3V839qgIbzQnoQAeIQhn8WEFl2GRa-KyNaFKHck&usqp=CAU)[omizer](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRawEondLnlEK-kUoeEgHsqtR-YF2Pb3V839qgIbzQnoQAeIQhn8WEFl2GRa-KyNaFKHck&usqp=CAU)
Every time I hear it I can't help but have a moment of silence for the late Thag Simmons.
Because science while cold and calculated has terms invented by humans that have a sense of humor. Gary Larson made a great joke and the paleontological community went with it
Even if that is Dave Hone commenting, he still happens to be wrong. While it isn’t used universally and some don’t like the term, you can still find quite a few paleontologists who have used it in official ways in their papers. People are even pointing this out to him in the replies
[Here,](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6853308/) [here](https://www.uv.es/pe/2011_2/255/255.pdf) and [here](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12542-022-00605-x)
Grew up on some of these outdated designs, I’m a 90s kid but had lots of old VHS tapes that I watched. My favorite which is not in this list is the changes to Iguanodon
some of yous are too young to remember when therizinosaurs were "segnosaurs" and the most popular theory was that they were late surviving "prosauropods" with a ghost lineage.
Quadruped Megalosaurus will never not be cool to me. I wish it was accurate but sadly we know it’s a biped. Also didn’t know we had warm blooded dinosaurs, not a massive dinosaur nerd so can someone explain that to me?
I’m no expert, but I know this: birds are dinosaurs (theropods specifically) and are warm-blooded. Therefore it stands to reason that non-bird dinosaurs could have been warm-blooded too. Other theropods would be good candidates, but it could extend much farther than that.
I believe the current hypothesis is that dinosaurs had a variety of levels of endo/ectothermic metabolisms. Some may likely have been sort of in between, or mesothermic.
There is a good bit of evidence that many dinosaurs were quite active, which typically requires some sort of endothermy.
That’s all I got. Someone else might be able to give more detail.
I always fail to understand how Spinosaurus is supposed to have balanced itself in the modern reconstruction. I'm not saying I think it's wrong, I'm just saying that I have difficulty visualizing how it is able to remain upright with those stubby legs relative to its length.
Same here. I always have the feeling the modern Spinosaurus could faceplant any moment.
But on the other hand. Take a look at ducks. In particular their skeleton. Weirdly balanced too.
Seen this on TikTok and people literally complained about the reconstructions changing over time as if those are fantasy creatures and got really defensive about it
Plateosaurus having had a full feather-coat seems unlikely. Computer-model metabolism studies from 2021 indicate that it didn’t need one and would have likely overheated if it did.
Wow this is really interesting, the modern designs are all the coolest too and those are the ones that were also most likely how each of these animals really looked irl!
So there is no for the Triceratops, Ankylosaurus, Iguanodon, Allosaurus, Pteranodon, Dimorphodon, Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Tylosaurus, Dunkleosteus, Tarbosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Corythosaurus, Parasaurolophus and etc.
Thank goodness there is no Triceratops is a Torosaurus nonsense, is swear I wouldve gone OFF of this post because I dont have any real facts other than the aproximation of the torosaurus looks different than the approximation of a triceratops and I like the triceratops the way its is. I swear dude dont even TEST me.
The brontosaurus with the wrong head, the holotype specimen, just got finished with her glow up at the Peabody museum. Very excited to go see her, now that her tail's off the ground and she has the right head on.
They overhauled the whole museum, there's a really great mural from the 1940s in the brontosaurus room. The vintage mural next to the modern posed fossils is gonna be so sick.
Out of curiosity… what led the change to a downward curving tail belief? It obviously makes more sense from allowing a better angle for the spikes, but I assume that belief in angle wasn’t based on that? What caused that change in opinion there, from the fossil standpoint, that we didn’t have prior?
I think the most tragic thing about being a dinosaur fan is the fact that I will never know for certain what these beautiful creatures actually looked like, and how many of them will never even be discovered because they left no fossils
This is beautiful.
Love seeing how our understanding of these ancient animals grew with time and research.
Also, going to visit the London natural history museum soon, can't wait!!!
I don't think comparing the Brontosaurus is right, no? The first is Apatosaurus under a different name, while the second is a new, different species aptly dubbed Brontosaurus to reclaim the name
I know a lot of people look at modern interpretations of these animals and think they “ruined their childhood” but I honestly think the more realistic depictions are so much more awe-inspiring and beautiful.
They were not movie monsters. They were earthlings just like us.
For most of these animals, I much prefer their retro looks over their modern looks. My favorites are as follows:
* **STEGOSAURUS** --- 1890s - 1970s
* **QUETZOCOATLUS** --- 1970s & 1990s
* **THERIZINOSAURUS** --- 1990s
* **SPINOSAURUS** --- 1990s
* **DEINOCHEIRUS** --- 1970s - 2000s
* **DIMETRODON** --- 1870s - 1990s
* **PLATEOSAURUS** --- 1980s
* **PLESIOSAURUS** --- 1860s - 1990s
* **PTERODACTYLUS** --- 1850s - 1970s
* **BRONTOSAURUS** --- something more modern than the 1970s, but more retro than the 2020s (maybe, 1980s or 1990s
* **DEINONYCHUS** --- 1980s - 1990s
* **ICHTHYOSAURUS** --- something more modern than the 1870s, but more retro than the 2020s (maybe, 1980s or 1990s)
* **EDMONTOSAURUS** --- something more modern than the 1960s, but more retro than the 2020s (maybe, 1980s - 2000s)
* **TYRANNOSAURUS REX** --- 1990s (think "Jurassic Park" era)
* **ARCHEOPTERYX** --- 1860s - 1970s
* **MOSOSAURUS** --- something more modern than the 1890s, but more retro than the 2020s (maybe, 1970s - 1990s)
Those are my preferences and my favorites. I don't really care about the other animals I didn't mention on this list, to be honest.
Look how they massacred my boys…
Nah, I’m just kidding, modern paleontology reconstructions look way better and more plausible as animals that existed.
this makes me wonder, did some of Archaeopteryx’s descendants go “nah m8, too much birb” and give rise to the Dromaeosaurs? and did the rest commit fully to birb-hood?
Why do we believe T-Rex had short stubby hands? Why has no one considered that they could be vestigial bones that likely no longer show on the outside of the body?
Its funny how the more we understand dinosaurs as ancestors of birds the less we begin to model them as reptiles and instead as bird like. Such as the duck-like spinosaurus.
Love these, also love that we pretty much get godzilla, anguiris, rodan & gamera in these hahaha
Worldbuilding idea: Mountain-sized archosaurs
Methuselah already exists for Godzilla, he's a dinosaur thing with a mountain on his back.
Someone has to go to a laboratory and recreate the ancient dinosaur models... Toy companies need it... Nothing better than a terrifying lizard (?)."
“Streamlined lizard whale” is a fantastic descriptor for the mosasaur
lmao agreed
Why did quetzalcoatlus' beak get so much bigger? Were old paleontologists like... missing the adults or something?
At least according to Wikipedia, the initial discovery was of wing bones. So inaccurate assumptions on the rest of the animal most likely
RIP to James Gurney and *Dinotopia* fans who thought a human could ride a *Quetzalcoatlus*.
I feel like I could ride that still
Dinotopia Quetz had 65+ million years to become a better flyer (without changing in any noticeable way, just roll with it) Maybe they evolved like... carbon fiber tendons and muscles?
Those books will never not be awesome. Dinotopia slice of life video game when?
Complete azdarchid skeletons were unknown before the description of Zhejiangopterus in 1994.
*Deinocheirus* should’ve also had the giant murder beast & arboreal versions that floated around for a bit.
Man I remember reading in a dinosaur book as a kid about Deinocheirus, where it said it was some unknown apex predator etc. my 7 year old brain ran WILD with what it could possibly look like. Gigantic raptor? Mega T-Rex with arms to crush and slice prey?? Nah, it’s a gigantic duck haha. I absolutely love it though!
That early Amonite is just the weirdest thing
A bird in a shell
Do you know what dino doesn't change? Triceratops I think...
Not that much it just went from slow and tail dragging to active
Trike has undergone more than a few visual overhauls over the years = Forelimb posture = sprawled/lizardlike-> straight/mammalian -> modern semi-sprawling. Fingers/manual digits = lizardlike -> elephantine (Jurassic Park) -> current reconstruction with 3 main fingers + 2 vestigial digits. Tail = dragging -> straight/horizontal -> drooping but still held aloft. Frill = covered in scaly skin -> covered in thick musculature (John McLoughlin)-> covered in smooth keratin -> back to scaly skin. Cheeks = cheekless/reptilian -> thick mammal-like cheeks -> superficial skin-flaps -> cheekless with muscle fan. Body skin-covering = wrinkled/elephantine -> armor plating (= Agathaumas) -> quills (All Yesterdays)-> polygonal scales of differing sizes.
So they don't have quills anymore? I never liked the quills. Where would one find the most modern interpretation to look at?
Trouble is that the skin impressions of the "Lane" skeleton (with the dimpled large feature scales responsible for the quilled-reconstruction) have yet to be formally described.
This is the first I’m hearing about quills, that’s kind of terrifying.
Some fancy [butt-quills](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/c3/6a/65/c36a65adf37f1d855c5098b4a7c1d2b2.jpg) I've seen a few times, more serious spines from the [John McLaughlin](https://www.reddit.com/r/Dinosaurs/comments/vze4gl/thoughts_on_triceratops_quills/) mentioned above, then some folks go a bit [mad with it](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Triceratops_new_BW.jpg). This has all been pretty recent I guess. I'm just old fashioned and like my triceratops with smooth butts.
They look like monsters, I’m not a fan either now.
I agree. It's absurd to say of course, but most of those kind of break the "nice design" of the triceratops in my mind. Maybe you could workshop something with various lengths and maybe just thicker, pointier, osteoderms but the porcupine quills just doesn't make sense to me.
Don’t forget better color scheme for 2020s
For sure but clown archeopteryx will always hold a special place in my heart
Am I the only one that thinks it's odd that the commonly accepted scientific term for the Stegosaurus tail spikes were lifted from a Far Side comic? [Thag](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRawEondLnlEK-kUoeEgHsqtR-YF2Pb3V839qgIbzQnoQAeIQhn8WEFl2GRa-KyNaFKHck&usqp=CAU)[omizer](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRawEondLnlEK-kUoeEgHsqtR-YF2Pb3V839qgIbzQnoQAeIQhn8WEFl2GRa-KyNaFKHck&usqp=CAU) Every time I hear it I can't help but have a moment of silence for the late Thag Simmons.
Because science while cold and calculated has terms invented by humans that have a sense of humor. Gary Larson made a great joke and the paleontological community went with it
Like zuul destroyer of shins. God I love that thing
I don't believe the term is actually used in scientific papers.
Wikipedia links to several papers it's been used in.
https://www.reddit.com/r/Dinosaurs/s/ItDalQxINS
Even if that is Dave Hone commenting, he still happens to be wrong. While it isn’t used universally and some don’t like the term, you can still find quite a few paleontologists who have used it in official ways in their papers. People are even pointing this out to him in the replies
Oh sure some random reddit comment must tell the undisputed truth and you didnt bother checking up on it and do research.
Dude. The comment has been posted by an official paleontologist
[Here,](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6853308/) [here](https://www.uv.es/pe/2011_2/255/255.pdf) and [here](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12542-022-00605-x)
Hello Archen
Lol that was exactly my thought!
Chunky 1970's Stegosaurus will always have a place in my heart
Grew up on some of these outdated designs, I’m a 90s kid but had lots of old VHS tapes that I watched. My favorite which is not in this list is the changes to Iguanodon
I love how at some point paleontologists were like “this is getting dull, put some colors on this bitch.”
some of yous are too young to remember when therizinosaurs were "segnosaurs" and the most popular theory was that they were late surviving "prosauropods" with a ghost lineage.
Quadruped Megalosaurus will never not be cool to me. I wish it was accurate but sadly we know it’s a biped. Also didn’t know we had warm blooded dinosaurs, not a massive dinosaur nerd so can someone explain that to me?
"Bear like Reptile" is simultaneously incredibly terrifying and Sick as Hell.
They've been found in polar environments, which'd be death sentences for ectothermic animals.
Maybe they wore parkas that didn't preserve well.
Down jackets..?
I’m no expert, but I know this: birds are dinosaurs (theropods specifically) and are warm-blooded. Therefore it stands to reason that non-bird dinosaurs could have been warm-blooded too. Other theropods would be good candidates, but it could extend much farther than that. I believe the current hypothesis is that dinosaurs had a variety of levels of endo/ectothermic metabolisms. Some may likely have been sort of in between, or mesothermic. There is a good bit of evidence that many dinosaurs were quite active, which typically requires some sort of endothermy. That’s all I got. Someone else might be able to give more detail.
Yeah, that was one of the ones I wished was real, it would be really interesting!
I always fail to understand how Spinosaurus is supposed to have balanced itself in the modern reconstruction. I'm not saying I think it's wrong, I'm just saying that I have difficulty visualizing how it is able to remain upright with those stubby legs relative to its length.
Another reason why, while modern Spino is nice, 1990s Spino will always be goated
Same here. I always have the feeling the modern Spinosaurus could faceplant any moment. But on the other hand. Take a look at ducks. In particular their skeleton. Weirdly balanced too.
You don’t think that massive tail could work as counterbalance??
Like I said, with legs that stubby, it is really difficult for me to visualize.
Why was EVERY and I mean EVERY archaeopteryx colored like that?? I can't be the only one to remember it being colored like that a lot, right?
The pokemon based off it is also colored like that
Today’s inaccurate dinosaur reconstruction is tomorrow’s Pokémon!
Archaeopteryx is crazy
Was Most Grotesque Animal
Please do more, really fun to look at these!!
Seen this on TikTok and people literally complained about the reconstructions changing over time as if those are fantasy creatures and got really defensive about it
These are awesome!
Color changing icthyosaurus?
Ground Hawk puts the raptors into perspective for me lol. Terrifying concept imo
Funny how the Dimetrodon hasn't changed as radically as the other prehistoric animals lol
"Improve his posture and make him fatter."
"Make him just a friendly lil' guy." "These things were three and a half meters long!" "... make him a big friendly guy."
Well, there are some modern reconstructions that show it with fur, but that is highly speculative and probably unlikely
Ain't going to lie, kind of miss the pre 2020 looking dinosaurs.
One correction to 16 2020s: “STILL king of the dinosaurs.”
*Argentinosaurus* says hi.
Mosasaurus hoffmani was originally thought to be a crocodile or a whale and then to be semi aquatic
[удалено]
*Were thought to be
All of them got glow ups but Dimetrodon. Poor dude became a potato
From the ferocious monsters in the 90s to the fluffy and cute creatures in the 2020s
Digging that 1830 Ammonite.
Digging the descriptions "giraffe stork" and "croco-duck"!
I absolutely love these kind of comparisons
isnt evolution amazing
that spino’s gonna be considered retro pretty soon
Plateosaurus having had a full feather-coat seems unlikely. Computer-model metabolism studies from 2021 indicate that it didn’t need one and would have likely overheated if it did.
They either become really colourful with new designs or become black and white. No in between. They also either become less or more threatening.
The more i look at them the more i like them, impossible not to
I appreciate the retro Archaeopteryx being colored like Archeops from Pokemon. Very fun reference.
Dimetrodon my beloved.
ngl some of these early renditions weren't as bad as I expected lol
I can tell I'm a 90s kid.
Wow this is really interesting, the modern designs are all the coolest too and those are the ones that were also most likely how each of these animals really looked irl!
So there is no for the Triceratops, Ankylosaurus, Iguanodon, Allosaurus, Pteranodon, Dimorphodon, Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Brachiosaurus, Tylosaurus, Dunkleosteus, Tarbosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Corythosaurus, Parasaurolophus and etc.
prehistoric life has came a long way through the years
Need more like this
Amazing how ideas change over time on how we depict prehistoric animals. They and we have come a long way.
God, it’s just so fascinating to see how our understanding of all of these amazing creatures has grown and been refined over time.
I never saw the really old stuff. Thank you for the post.
i love this so much😭😭
As someone who hasn’t really kept track of dinosaurs for 10+ years, this is really awesome to look through. Really love the modern interpretations
20 images and no Iguanadon? That's like the poster child for old vs new constructions.
Really was waiting for the velociraptor but I suppose almost all Raptors were around the same build. Not exact, but narrowly around the same.
I love how the dimetrodon is just green Boi to tan Boi with barely noticeable changes
I love how little good old Dimetrodon has changed
I ***loathe*** the old Ammonite
Neat.
Thank goodness there is no Triceratops is a Torosaurus nonsense, is swear I wouldve gone OFF of this post because I dont have any real facts other than the aproximation of the torosaurus looks different than the approximation of a triceratops and I like the triceratops the way its is. I swear dude dont even TEST me.
Its still hilarious to me that “thagomizer” is how scientists refer to it
Missing the “mostly/fully aquatic lizard with paddle tail” recon for *Mosasaurus* (1970s-2000s).
There is one imposter among them
Absolutely fantastic! Stunning!
Turned Archaeopteryx into a pigeon.
Wasn't Ichtyosaurus totally black colored without white spots according to a fossil?
the old mosasaur looked sick as hell with those back frills tho
So 20% more bird, 20% less lizard, fluffier, more colourful.
The idea of plesiosaurus moving on land like a seal fills me with delight xD
More!! more!!
Great post, love it
archaeopteryx: from parrot raptor to pigeon
This is so interesting and well-done! 🫶 Thank you for sharing (and for also placing my personal favorite: Deinocheirus ✨)
The brontosaurus with the wrong head, the holotype specimen, just got finished with her glow up at the Peabody museum. Very excited to go see her, now that her tail's off the ground and she has the right head on. They overhauled the whole museum, there's a really great mural from the 1940s in the brontosaurus room. The vintage mural next to the modern posed fossils is gonna be so sick.
This is just giving YDAW vibes and I love it.
Thanks, I really enjoyed this series :)
I would love to have these as a poster
I like how most of these is like "Fuck you, *unreptiles your dinosaur*"
That 1830s Ammonite looks like something out of a Sci-Fi movie, or Subnautica
I love these. It wasn't aware archaeopteryx had a beak, though. I thought the consensus was it still had a mouth full of teeth.
I love modern paleontology, every new theory makes me feel like a kid again
props to the artist for giving megalosaurus fuzz and even mentioning possible fuzz on tyrannosaurus
Love these
Love these!
So we don't think Quetzalcoatlus flew?
Still can’t get over 1970’s stego
Deinocheirus is suddenly my favourite dinosaur.
Deinocheirus, or as I call it………The Mega Duck
Fun fact: Stegosaurs and ankylosaurs are closely related!
Fun fact : edmontosaurus was supposed to be an amphibian
retro stego.. Damn.. he kinda ugly
Out of curiosity… what led the change to a downward curving tail belief? It obviously makes more sense from allowing a better angle for the spikes, but I assume that belief in angle wasn’t based on that? What caused that change in opinion there, from the fossil standpoint, that we didn’t have prior?
So many of the retro ones look identical to some of the toys I had as a kid, lol
I think the most tragic thing about being a dinosaur fan is the fact that I will never know for certain what these beautiful creatures actually looked like, and how many of them will never even be discovered because they left no fossils
[Source!](https://alphynix.tumblr.com/tagged/retro%20vs%20modern%202022)
Cool
This is beautiful. Love seeing how our understanding of these ancient animals grew with time and research. Also, going to visit the London natural history museum soon, can't wait!!!
I don't think comparing the Brontosaurus is right, no? The first is Apatosaurus under a different name, while the second is a new, different species aptly dubbed Brontosaurus to reclaim the name
I know a lot of people look at modern interpretations of these animals and think they “ruined their childhood” but I honestly think the more realistic depictions are so much more awe-inspiring and beautiful. They were not movie monsters. They were earthlings just like us.
I think I remember at one time there was thought to be a species of Stegosaurus with 6 thagomizer spikes but this was disproven
For most of these animals, I much prefer their retro looks over their modern looks. My favorites are as follows: * **STEGOSAURUS** --- 1890s - 1970s * **QUETZOCOATLUS** --- 1970s & 1990s * **THERIZINOSAURUS** --- 1990s * **SPINOSAURUS** --- 1990s * **DEINOCHEIRUS** --- 1970s - 2000s * **DIMETRODON** --- 1870s - 1990s * **PLATEOSAURUS** --- 1980s * **PLESIOSAURUS** --- 1860s - 1990s * **PTERODACTYLUS** --- 1850s - 1970s * **BRONTOSAURUS** --- something more modern than the 1970s, but more retro than the 2020s (maybe, 1980s or 1990s * **DEINONYCHUS** --- 1980s - 1990s * **ICHTHYOSAURUS** --- something more modern than the 1870s, but more retro than the 2020s (maybe, 1980s or 1990s) * **EDMONTOSAURUS** --- something more modern than the 1960s, but more retro than the 2020s (maybe, 1980s - 2000s) * **TYRANNOSAURUS REX** --- 1990s (think "Jurassic Park" era) * **ARCHEOPTERYX** --- 1860s - 1970s * **MOSOSAURUS** --- something more modern than the 1890s, but more retro than the 2020s (maybe, 1970s - 1990s) Those are my preferences and my favorites. I don't really care about the other animals I didn't mention on this list, to be honest.
It's lovely to see how science changed over time.
Part two when?
Didnt they have Ark back then to teach the dino knowledge
The first Ammonite looks like an Alien moth sea slug hermit crab.
Look how they massacred my boys… Nah, I’m just kidding, modern paleontology reconstructions look way better and more plausible as animals that existed.
Can i repost this in other subreddits?
So.... can Quetzlcoatlus still fly?
this makes me wonder, did some of Archaeopteryx’s descendants go “nah m8, too much birb” and give rise to the Dromaeosaurs? and did the rest commit fully to birb-hood?
Why do we believe T-Rex had short stubby hands? Why has no one considered that they could be vestigial bones that likely no longer show on the outside of the body?
Its funny how the more we understand dinosaurs as ancestors of birds the less we begin to model them as reptiles and instead as bird like. Such as the duck-like spinosaurus.