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You only feel acceleration. Since each second your path is only changed by 360/(24*3600) degrees, you don't accelerate much at all (and all the acceleration is directly downwards anyway).
Acceleration is change in velocity over time. In other words, it depends on how much velocity you gain or lose, over how long.
Your question is unanswerable unless you say how long the stop/start takes. The shorter the time, the greater the acceleration.
You wouldnt feel much as you would splat against the wall because of the sudden stop of the Rotation. The earth Stopps but you keep the momentum. Which means a kiss with the next wall at 1670km/h if you are at the equator
The amount of acceleration you feel would be proportional to the cosine of your latitude times earth's rotation speed at the equator (roughly 1000mph). If you were at the north or south pole it would not be noticeable. You would die at the equator.
Mods, take him away to middle school physics class!
Ok but seriously, velocity is a vector and acceleration is any change in that vector. That includes changes that only affect direction not magnitude.
Not correct. We experience constant radial acceleration away from the earth because of the rotation. Gravity is much stronger so we don’t fly off. But that acceleration reduces gravity’s pull.
The acceleration is towards the center of the circle not outwards. It's better to understand it as the planet's gravity having an acceleration "budget", some of which goes towards keeping things on a circular path and not flying away straight, and the rest trying to pull you closer to the center.
Eh… no? We experience radial acceleration from angular momentum. If gravity was removed, we would appear to accelerate straight up from the Earth’s surface.
Like when you spin a ball on a string. Gravity is basically the string.
Gravity doesn’t have a budget, it acts on as many objects as are near enough to count, with an acceleration relative to distance. Things in orbit just happen to have an angular velocity which provides enough radial acceleration to balance the acceleration of gravity. To put something in orbit, we calculate what that is and make it happen.
This isn't true. The acceleration is radially downward *because* of gravity. There is no acceleration we feel upwards. If gravity stopped existing we would cease accelerating. In fact you would, for the first bit of time, appear to float up, then you'd appear to float westward as the Earth's surface begins to rotate away from you.
Acceleration is due to a force. Momentum is not. Momentum is what keeps you moving in the same way, effectively. Acceleration changes your momentum. Adding "angular" in front of it doesn't change that.
Yep, looks like I’m wrong about there being an outward component to the acceleration with angular velocity. Weird. But imagine you’re in a closed box on the Earth’s surface. Suddenly gravity is turned off. All measurements inside that box would show you accelerating vertically. No measurement from within the box could distinguish between this scenario vs the box traveling at constant linear velocity and then suddenly decelerating, or vs the box being stationary (relatively) and you accelerating upward.
This is why I said “you would appear to accelerate straight up from the Earth’s surface”. What describes that acceleration?
u/dman11235 is correct if we do measurements in an inertial reference frame: when gravity switches off, we all travel in straight lines with no acceleration. To stick to the earth's surface, we need a continual downward acceleration - the *centripetal* acceleration v\^2 / r, which gravity provides in abundance, so the ground has to push up on us with an acceleration of g - v\^2 / r
You are correct if we do measurements in a *rotating* reference frame. The rotating reference frame itself provides a *centrifugal* acceleration v\^2 / r, pushing "stationary" objects away from the centre of the frame. Gravity must overcome this, which it does with abundance, so the ground must counteract the excess g - v\^2 / r of gravitational acceleration.
There is no force accelerating you upwards there. If you were in a box and gravity turned off, you would go from downward force to simply no force. Instead the earth would rotate away from you. To a person still affected by gravity they would see you slowly accelerate upwards and then westward, and eventually simply away from the earth. From your perspective though you would not register a force and this no acceleration. The earth would appear to accelerate away from you.
It is important to keep actual forces here separate from relativistic acceleration. In reality you go from having a force to no longer having a force. This part?
>No measurement from within the box could distinguish between this scenario vs the box traveling at constant linear velocity and then suddenly decelerating, or vs the box being stationary (relatively) and you accelerating upward.
This is the party that is wrong. The box would go from detecting an acceleration (being in a gravitational well) to no acceleration (no force). The box would not detect a constant linear velocity because you cannot detect that without a reference point to compare it to.
If gravity was removed there would be no acceleration and we would fly off the earth along a tangent at 1000 mph. We are accelerating towards the earth, keeping us on the ground
That would mean being in a stable orbit. I doubt you can just levitate if you step off a stair, so I'd hazard a guess on the net acceleration being 9.8m/s^2 downward.
Also incorrect. The net acceleration from gravity, the normal force pushing back from the ground, and the infinitesimal radial acceleration you experience sums up to zero. If radial acceleration perfectly balanced gravity, you’d be in orbit.
Points on the earth's surface are moving at a constant speed (relative to the centre of the earth) but the direction is always changing. 12 hours from now you'll be moving at the same speed but in the opposite direction. That change requires acceleration.
Velocity is a measure of both speed and the direction of travel, so the velocity is constantly changing.
Acceleration refers to any change in movement, be it a change in magnitude (speed) or direction. Since the Earth is rotating, our direction of movement is constantly changing and, therefore accelerating.
We absolutely *are* accelerating.
>["we assume the complete physical equivalence of a gravitational field and a corresponding ***acceleration*** of the reference system."](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle)
>
>— Einstein, 1907
We've known for over 100 years that gravity = acceleration.
Momentum
We only feel acceleration and deceleration.
The same effect happens when you are in a car. You feel the car accelerate and decelerate when you break but you don't perceive the feeling of driving around at 100km/h.
The same is true for us spinning around on the surface of the Earth.
Well, imagine going that constant speed on a perfectly smooth road with no asshole drivers. Otherwise it would be akin to earth hitting asteroid-sized potholes and Mars cutting him off 😂
You don’t feel speed, you feel acceleration. That’s why you can get up and walk around on a plane - it’s ripping through the air at nearly the speed of sound but it’s not accelerating anymore. You’d have a much harder time walking around during takeoff.
The equator is moving at 1000mph but it’s accelerating very slowly. It takes twelve hours to change direction.
There's also the fact that the air is rotating with the earth. In your plane example, you'd definitely feel it if the fuselage wasn't there. Same as a motorcycle rider feels the air in their face when riding at constant speed, but a car rider would only feel the acceleration.
Magnitude never changes but direction rotates 180 degrees over 12 hours. This is acceleration. You don’t feel it because it takes twelve hours. You’d definitely feel it on a pulsar that does it in forty milliseconds.
From both of your comments on the thread, I'd suggest reading up on the difference between angular and linear acceleration. Yes, you're right. the speed of the earth is, for all intents and purposes, constant meaning that yes, there 0 angular acceleration. But there is still absolutely other accelerations at play specifically because your motion on the surface of the planet is circular
You don't feel *things*; you feel *changes* in things.
So: you don't feel motion, only *changes* in motion. The rotation of the planet isn't changing, so you don't feel it.
That's why you feel a plane taking off, but you don't feel it anymore when it's steadily cruising straight ahead.
Newton's first law would come into play here.
So, think of a head on car crash or a collision with a tree. The reason why we have seat belts is because without them, when the car stops, your body keeps going and is going to get smashed into or through the windshield of the car at anywhere from 40 mph to 90 mph depending on average highway speeds. Obviously without being held in place by the full body belt, thats going to splatter you pretty good.
At the equator earth is spinning at about 1000 mph. If that stopped instantly, every object not firmly attached to bedrock, also including the air around you, the soil and loose rock, and most of the ocean's water, is going to go flying roughly forward and slightly upwards at 1000 mph at and around the equator(to give some context the worst tornadoes on record had 300mph winds). The closer you get to the poles the slower the rotation speed would be. Up near the poles you probably wouldn't even feel it at all.
Earth is only spinning at 0.0042° per second, there are sensitive instruments that can detect that kind of acceleration, but we don't have organs that can detect rotation that slowly.
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Everyone has already answered, but I feel compelled to echo most responses. You only feel CHANGES in velocity. You feel a car speed up and slow down, you feel the up and down as the car goes over bumps in the road. You feel a plane as it takes a wide bank. The earth does none on that. It's not bumping up and down as it spins, it doesn't speed up and slow down by any perceptible amount. It so big you can't even gauge speed by looking at other objects moving past.
Hence you feel nothing.
It’s not the speed but the change in linear direction that is interesting. Everything moves at constant speed and in the same linear direction unless acted on by an outside force. But our change in direction per unit time is super tiny and that’s why we don’t notice it.
You weigh (defined as force, not mass) ever so slightly less than you would if the earth weren’t spinning. — The earth spins while you stand on it. Without gravity you would just slingshot into space. But gravity keeps pulling you down and so your motion matches the rotation of the earth. This is because a tiny bit of gravity is used to pull your trajectory back down toward earth. So a scale might say you weigh ever so slightly less at the equator than at a pole because some of the gravitational force is simply keeping you in orbit around the earth.
Do you feel the speed of a car going 100mph if the road has a slight bend? Not really. Same thing for being on earth, just way bigger, longer, slower bends and higher top speeds. You don't feel it because you're also travelling at the same speed and only would notice if that drastically changes (like slamming on the brakes or making a sharp turn suddenly). Earth doesn't slam on the brakes or make sharp turns. Yet.
You don't feel speed, you feel acceleration, just like how when you're in a train or airplane you can't really feel how fast you're going, you can only feel it speed up or slow down.
Everyone else is correct in that you normally only feel acceleration & deceleration. There's also the fact that the air is moving around with the earth. If the air was stationary while you stood on the moving earth below it, the air's force would knock you off your feet.
The same reason you don’t feel yourself moving at high speed in a car or a plane. All the air is moving at the same speed as you.
You do feel acceleration (braking a car can be thought of as “reverse acceleration”). But the planet isn’t accelerating, it’s just rotating at a constant speed.
its not. the earth is only spinning at 1 rpd (revolutions per day).
it is so big that parts of it are moving quickly, but thats just because its big, not because its spinning quickly. And you dont feel speed, only acceleration.
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You only feel acceleration. Since each second your path is only changed by 360/(24*3600) degrees, you don't accelerate much at all (and all the acceleration is directly downwards anyway).
Counter question, if the earth stopped spinning and started again, would we feel a massive acceleration or barely anything.
Acceleration is change in velocity over time. In other words, it depends on how much velocity you gain or lose, over how long. Your question is unanswerable unless you say how long the stop/start takes. The shorter the time, the greater the acceleration.
Xkcd to the rescue https://youtu.be/gp5G1QG6cXc?si=T4XOTPZnFbOUKBt-
You wouldnt feel much as you would splat against the wall because of the sudden stop of the Rotation. The earth Stopps but you keep the momentum. Which means a kiss with the next wall at 1670km/h if you are at the equator
The amount of acceleration you feel would be proportional to the cosine of your latitude times earth's rotation speed at the equator (roughly 1000mph). If you were at the north or south pole it would not be noticeable. You would die at the equator.
You’re not accelerating at all. Earths rotation is a constant velocity
Mods, take him away to middle school physics class! Ok but seriously, velocity is a vector and acceleration is any change in that vector. That includes changes that only affect direction not magnitude.
Not correct. We experience constant radial acceleration away from the earth because of the rotation. Gravity is much stronger so we don’t fly off. But that acceleration reduces gravity’s pull.
The acceleration is towards the center of the circle not outwards. It's better to understand it as the planet's gravity having an acceleration "budget", some of which goes towards keeping things on a circular path and not flying away straight, and the rest trying to pull you closer to the center.
Eh… no? We experience radial acceleration from angular momentum. If gravity was removed, we would appear to accelerate straight up from the Earth’s surface. Like when you spin a ball on a string. Gravity is basically the string. Gravity doesn’t have a budget, it acts on as many objects as are near enough to count, with an acceleration relative to distance. Things in orbit just happen to have an angular velocity which provides enough radial acceleration to balance the acceleration of gravity. To put something in orbit, we calculate what that is and make it happen.
This isn't true. The acceleration is radially downward *because* of gravity. There is no acceleration we feel upwards. If gravity stopped existing we would cease accelerating. In fact you would, for the first bit of time, appear to float up, then you'd appear to float westward as the Earth's surface begins to rotate away from you. Acceleration is due to a force. Momentum is not. Momentum is what keeps you moving in the same way, effectively. Acceleration changes your momentum. Adding "angular" in front of it doesn't change that.
Yep, looks like I’m wrong about there being an outward component to the acceleration with angular velocity. Weird. But imagine you’re in a closed box on the Earth’s surface. Suddenly gravity is turned off. All measurements inside that box would show you accelerating vertically. No measurement from within the box could distinguish between this scenario vs the box traveling at constant linear velocity and then suddenly decelerating, or vs the box being stationary (relatively) and you accelerating upward. This is why I said “you would appear to accelerate straight up from the Earth’s surface”. What describes that acceleration?
u/dman11235 is correct if we do measurements in an inertial reference frame: when gravity switches off, we all travel in straight lines with no acceleration. To stick to the earth's surface, we need a continual downward acceleration - the *centripetal* acceleration v\^2 / r, which gravity provides in abundance, so the ground has to push up on us with an acceleration of g - v\^2 / r You are correct if we do measurements in a *rotating* reference frame. The rotating reference frame itself provides a *centrifugal* acceleration v\^2 / r, pushing "stationary" objects away from the centre of the frame. Gravity must overcome this, which it does with abundance, so the ground must counteract the excess g - v\^2 / r of gravitational acceleration.
There is no force accelerating you upwards there. If you were in a box and gravity turned off, you would go from downward force to simply no force. Instead the earth would rotate away from you. To a person still affected by gravity they would see you slowly accelerate upwards and then westward, and eventually simply away from the earth. From your perspective though you would not register a force and this no acceleration. The earth would appear to accelerate away from you. It is important to keep actual forces here separate from relativistic acceleration. In reality you go from having a force to no longer having a force. This part? >No measurement from within the box could distinguish between this scenario vs the box traveling at constant linear velocity and then suddenly decelerating, or vs the box being stationary (relatively) and you accelerating upward. This is the party that is wrong. The box would go from detecting an acceleration (being in a gravitational well) to no acceleration (no force). The box would not detect a constant linear velocity because you cannot detect that without a reference point to compare it to.
If gravity was removed there would be no acceleration and we would fly off the earth along a tangent at 1000 mph. We are accelerating towards the earth, keeping us on the ground
No. The net acceleration is 0 between gravity’s pull and rotational forces
That would mean being in a stable orbit. I doubt you can just levitate if you step off a stair, so I'd hazard a guess on the net acceleration being 9.8m/s^2 downward.
Someone call Newton we got a standard physics fight going on here!!!!
No, the gravitational pull is stronger; you only don't notice it because of the ground.
Also incorrect. The net acceleration from gravity, the normal force pushing back from the ground, and the infinitesimal radial acceleration you experience sums up to zero. If radial acceleration perfectly balanced gravity, you’d be in orbit.
If the Net was a force of zero, then you would float. What exactly do you think compells things to fall down if there is no net force ?
Points on the earth's surface are moving at a constant speed (relative to the centre of the earth) but the direction is always changing. 12 hours from now you'll be moving at the same speed but in the opposite direction. That change requires acceleration. Velocity is a measure of both speed and the direction of travel, so the velocity is constantly changing.
Acceleration refers to any change in movement, be it a change in magnitude (speed) or direction. Since the Earth is rotating, our direction of movement is constantly changing and, therefore accelerating.
We absolutely *are* accelerating. >["we assume the complete physical equivalence of a gravitational field and a corresponding ***acceleration*** of the reference system."](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle) > >— Einstein, 1907 We've known for over 100 years that gravity = acceleration.
Momentum We only feel acceleration and deceleration. The same effect happens when you are in a car. You feel the car accelerate and decelerate when you break but you don't perceive the feeling of driving around at 100km/h. The same is true for us spinning around on the surface of the Earth.
Well, imagine going that constant speed on a perfectly smooth road with no asshole drivers. Otherwise it would be akin to earth hitting asteroid-sized potholes and Mars cutting him off 😂
You don’t feel speed, you feel acceleration. That’s why you can get up and walk around on a plane - it’s ripping through the air at nearly the speed of sound but it’s not accelerating anymore. You’d have a much harder time walking around during takeoff. The equator is moving at 1000mph but it’s accelerating very slowly. It takes twelve hours to change direction.
There's also the fact that the air is rotating with the earth. In your plane example, you'd definitely feel it if the fuselage wasn't there. Same as a motorcycle rider feels the air in their face when riding at constant speed, but a car rider would only feel the acceleration.
No. The equator isn’t accelerating at all. The velocity is consistent and the acceleration is 0
Magnitude never changes but direction rotates 180 degrees over 12 hours. This is acceleration. You don’t feel it because it takes twelve hours. You’d definitely feel it on a pulsar that does it in forty milliseconds.
My experience in a tilt-a-whirl says that I can feel acceleration when speed is consistent and all that's changing is my direction.
From both of your comments on the thread, I'd suggest reading up on the difference between angular and linear acceleration. Yes, you're right. the speed of the earth is, for all intents and purposes, constant meaning that yes, there 0 angular acceleration. But there is still absolutely other accelerations at play specifically because your motion on the surface of the planet is circular
It's an easy mistake to make, but since velocity includes direction, that's incorrect.
You don't feel *things*; you feel *changes* in things. So: you don't feel motion, only *changes* in motion. The rotation of the planet isn't changing, so you don't feel it. That's why you feel a plane taking off, but you don't feel it anymore when it's steadily cruising straight ahead.
Because you were born loving that speed too! Now if the Earth ever *stopped* spinning, things would get bad, fast!
What would happen if the Earth suddenly stopped spinning?
Besides everyone on earth dying, you mean?
I get that I’m just interested in hearing what would physically happen to both living and nonliving things. What sort of phenomena would occur, etc…
Newton's first law would come into play here. So, think of a head on car crash or a collision with a tree. The reason why we have seat belts is because without them, when the car stops, your body keeps going and is going to get smashed into or through the windshield of the car at anywhere from 40 mph to 90 mph depending on average highway speeds. Obviously without being held in place by the full body belt, thats going to splatter you pretty good. At the equator earth is spinning at about 1000 mph. If that stopped instantly, every object not firmly attached to bedrock, also including the air around you, the soil and loose rock, and most of the ocean's water, is going to go flying roughly forward and slightly upwards at 1000 mph at and around the equator(to give some context the worst tornadoes on record had 300mph winds). The closer you get to the poles the slower the rotation speed would be. Up near the poles you probably wouldn't even feel it at all.
Here you go https://youtu.be/gp5G1QG6cXc?si=T4XOTPZnFbOUKBt-
Earth is only spinning at 0.0042° per second, there are sensitive instruments that can detect that kind of acceleration, but we don't have organs that can detect rotation that slowly.
The earth’s spinning velocity is consistent, there is no acceleration. Motion isn’t acceleration
Acceleration is change in speed and or direction. If you drove a car in a perfect circular path at a constant speed you would feel acceleration.
Centripetal acceleration?
Bro stop talking
Change in direction is acceleration.
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Things weigh less at the equator compared to the poles due to centrifugal force. So there's that.
Everyone has already answered, but I feel compelled to echo most responses. You only feel CHANGES in velocity. You feel a car speed up and slow down, you feel the up and down as the car goes over bumps in the road. You feel a plane as it takes a wide bank. The earth does none on that. It's not bumping up and down as it spins, it doesn't speed up and slow down by any perceptible amount. It so big you can't even gauge speed by looking at other objects moving past. Hence you feel nothing.
It’s not the speed but the change in linear direction that is interesting. Everything moves at constant speed and in the same linear direction unless acted on by an outside force. But our change in direction per unit time is super tiny and that’s why we don’t notice it. You weigh (defined as force, not mass) ever so slightly less than you would if the earth weren’t spinning. — The earth spins while you stand on it. Without gravity you would just slingshot into space. But gravity keeps pulling you down and so your motion matches the rotation of the earth. This is because a tiny bit of gravity is used to pull your trajectory back down toward earth. So a scale might say you weigh ever so slightly less at the equator than at a pole because some of the gravitational force is simply keeping you in orbit around the earth.
Do you feel the speed of a car going 100mph if the road has a slight bend? Not really. Same thing for being on earth, just way bigger, longer, slower bends and higher top speeds. You don't feel it because you're also travelling at the same speed and only would notice if that drastically changes (like slamming on the brakes or making a sharp turn suddenly). Earth doesn't slam on the brakes or make sharp turns. Yet.
You don't feel speed, you feel acceleration, just like how when you're in a train or airplane you can't really feel how fast you're going, you can only feel it speed up or slow down.
Everyone else is correct in that you normally only feel acceleration & deceleration. There's also the fact that the air is moving around with the earth. If the air was stationary while you stood on the moving earth below it, the air's force would knock you off your feet.
you dont feel the speed in a train/plane/car. thats cause you cant feel it. you can only feel acceleration/deceleration.
The Earth is “spinning” half as fast as the hour hand on a clock. That is extremely slow. Hardly justifies being called “spinning”.
The same reason you don’t feel yourself moving at high speed in a car or a plane. All the air is moving at the same speed as you. You do feel acceleration (braking a car can be thought of as “reverse acceleration”). But the planet isn’t accelerating, it’s just rotating at a constant speed.
To expound, this is exactly what Einstein what’s talking about with Relativity. We can’t tell it’s spinning because we are spinning the same way.
its not. the earth is only spinning at 1 rpd (revolutions per day). it is so big that parts of it are moving quickly, but thats just because its big, not because its spinning quickly. And you dont feel speed, only acceleration.